definitions
define Cell
A cell is a basic unit of structure and function of life. In other words, cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive.
define nucleus
The nucleus is a structure usually located near the
center of the cell.
The nucleus is home to the cell’s chromosomes.
4 characteristics of a cell
Very tiny, are alive, have small internal structures, are surrounded by a layer
What does selectively permeable mean?
allows only certain substances to pass through the cell (in and out of)
What happens when water leaves the cell faster than water comes into the cell?
If water moves out of the cell by osmosis faster than it moves into the cell, the cell shrinks in size.
define cell membrane
The cell membrane surrounds the cell.
Think of the cell membrane as a gatekeeper, it only allows some materials to pass through, but keeps others out.
define mitochondria
Powerhouses” of the cell.
This is a very important structure. They help take the food the cell ate (for breakfast, lunch, or dinner), and turn it into energy. The energy is needed to carry out activities.
What are the key ideas to cell theory?
The cell is the basic unit of life
An organism can be as simple as one cell (unicellular) like a paramecium. or it can be made up of trillions of cells (multicellular), like an elephant.
All cells are created from existing cells through a process called cell division. By which a cell divides into two new cells.
Cells carry out functions of organisms to which they belong.
All cells come from other living cells.
Define cellular transport
what are the two types of cellular transport processes?
The movement of substances into and out of a cell is called cellular transport.
- Diffusion and osmosis
What direction does the concentration gradient move?
Diffusion is a natural process that always moves particles down a concentration gradient, from an area of higher to a lower concentration, the concentration gradient decreases until the concentrations are equal.
define vacuoles
These are fluid-filled structures used to store different substances. In animal cells there are often many small vacuoles.
Terms and microscope notes
define microscopic
Things that cannot be seen with the naked eye, we need a microscope to see them.
What are the characteristics of All living things?
Living things grow in size, reproduce, and are able to repair themselves
Living things require energy (food, sunlight)
Living things respond to changes in their environment. Living things have a lifespan
Living things produce waste
What three small particles can pass through a cell membrane with ease?
water, oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is an example of diffusion in the human body?**
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in muscle cells. Oxygen moves in for energy, while carbon dioxide exits as waste, following a concentration gradient to maintain balance.
define cytoplasm
This is a gel-like fluid, that takes up most of the space inside a cell.
where are the objective lenses located?
located on the revolving nosepiece
What organelles are in both plant and animal cells
.Cytoplasm
.Nucleus
.Chromosomes
.Vacuole
.Cell membrane
What is a carrier protein
These are Proteins found in the membrane that transport and carry molecules into and out of the cell.
Osmosis is the movement of what, through the selectively permeable cell membrane?
During osmosis, water moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
define chloroplasts
These make food for the plant using sunlight and photosynthesis.
What microscope did we use in class during our labs?
Explain how the soap membrane activity relates to a cell membrane.
compound light microscope
The soap membrane activity shows how cell membranes control what goes in and out, just like soap bubbles can let only things with soapy water pass through. Both are flexible layers that allow movement while keeping their shape.
what organelle is only in a plant cell?
chloroplast
What happens when water moves into a cell at a high rate?
If too much water moves into the cell, it may burst.
What happened to the salt water gummy bear?
What does turgor pressure mean?
When a gummy bear is placed in salt water, water moves out due to osmosis, causing it to shrink. This happens because the salt water has a higher solute concentration, pulling water from the bear to balance the levels. As a result, the gummy bear becomes smaller and firmer.
Turgor pressure is the outward force exerted on a plant cell’s wall when water fills the vacuole, keeping the plant firm and upright. When water is lost, turgor pressure decreases, causing the plant to wilt.