Wetlands
Definition of a wetland
What is a land area covered w/ shallow water for a part of the year
What is a hot spring that shoots hot water and steam into the air
Definition of permeability
What is the rate at which liquid can enter/flow through the pore spaces of a rock
4 ways lakes form
What are...
Glacial (glaciers melting); Oxbow (river cutoff); Fault (earth rips); Volcanic (dead volcano/caldera)
Define point-source & non-point-source
What are...
Point source - Source identified
Non point source - Source unidentified
Definition of estuary
What is a wetland formed where rivers meet the sea (affect of ocean tides)
What is the layer of impermeable rock at the bottom of an aquifer
Similarities between lakes & ponds
What are...
-Water collects in low-lying areas
-Surface waters
-Aquatic habitat/ecosystem
Uses of freshwater (name at least 3)
What are hunger, hygiene, irrigation, aquaculture, industrial, hydroelectric, recreation, & transportation
What is a bog
Explain the process of water entering an aquifer & runoff
What is...
Aquifer : Rain cloud -> permeable layer (infiltration) -> saturated zone/water table
Runoff: Rain cloud -> surface layer (runoff)
Examples of porous rock, permeable rock, and impermeable rock
Porous - Pumice
Permeable - Sandstone
Impermeable - Clay
Differences between lakes & ponds
What are
Lakes: deep, big fish, little sunlight, fewer plants
Ponds: shallow, small fish, sunlight, many plants
Example of water budget overuse in the U.S.
What is the Ogalla Aquifer (gives us most of our water & is shrinking from overuse)
How nitrogen & phosphorus have impacted wetlands
What is that the eutrophication process has destroyed water ecosystems
Definition of an artesian well
What is a well where gravity pushes the water up
Explain what happens when water falls as precipitation
What is...
Low porosity/permeability -> runoffs -> laks & rivers
High porosity/permeabilty -> infiltrates -> aquifers
Explain the eutrophication process
What is...
N+P enter -> fertilizes plants = plant growth -> comptetition for plant growth -> oxygen users die -> water becomes a meadow from decaying materials or water is lifeless
Definition of the 3 parts of the Passaic River
What are...
Highlands: narrow, prone flash floods, little development
Central Basin: wide, makes meadows & swamps
Lower Valley: wide, slow, lots of development
Definition of brackish water
Definition of a water table
What is the top layer of the saturated zone
The exception of precipitation
What is a flood event
'5th' way lakes can be formed
What is a dam (reservoir for storage)
Definition of a watershed
What is a land area that supplies water to a river system