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Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution part 2
Enlightenment
Enlightenment part 2
Philosophy
100

What was the heliocentric theory and who developed it?

The sun centered theory and was created by Copernicus

100

How have the ideas of the Enlightenment influenced the government of the United States?

  • Natural rights (John Locke) and separation of powers/checks and balances (Montesquieu)
  • Thomas Jefferson – Declaration of Independence
100

What type of government did John Locke support?

  • Locke supported a government based on a social contract between the government and its people. According to this contract, the government protects the rights of the people

Democracy/Constitutional Monarchy

100

Made fun of religious intolerance, thought people should be free to choose their own beliefs, Freedom of religion 

Hobbes

200

Who is considered the “father” of the Scientific Revolution?

  • Copernicus
  • Galileo
200

Would John Lock have supported freedom of religion? Explain.

Yes, Locke claimed that people had the natural right to liberty - This implies that people have the right to choose their own religion

200
  • Why did Voltaire criticize the Roman Catholic Church?
  • He criticized the church for keeping knowledge from the people to maintain power
200
  • Expanded on Locke’s political ideas but believed a government needed three equally divided branches of government (Executive, Legislative and Judicial) – separation of powers

Montiesquieu

300

Improved the telescope, Proved Copernicus’s theory (Heliocentric) and he improved clocks, water thermometer

Galileo

300

Why did Descartes believe that mathematics is the source of scientific truth?

  • Math is the source of scientific truth and math uses logic/reason to move closer to more complex truths
  • Reason is the main source of knowledge
  • Nature held the truth and math was the basis that could be found in nature – math is always right
300

How did Hobbes and Locke differ in their ideas about government and people?

Hobbes thought that a government should be ruled by an absolute monarch and Locke believed that government should serve the people by protecting their rights

300
  • In what ways did French thinker, Blaise Pascal think science AND Christianity could be helpful?
  • He believed that science could be helpful in some ways and Christianity could be helpful in other ways.
  • Science – Reason and scientific ideas based on experiments could solve many practical problems
  • Christianity – could be used to solve moral problems; Spiritual truth could come only from faith and Christian teaching
300

A swiss thinker, he stated that “government rests on the will of the people” and what society wants, as a whole, should be law, Social Contract


Rousseau

400

Developed the law of gravity, laws of motion, developed calculus

Newton

400
  • How is rationalism used in the Scientific Method?
  • Because you use reason and experience to arrive at a factual conclusion, based in evidence
400

How did Mary Wollstonecraft support her argument for women’s equality?

She thought that women should have equal rights in education, the workplace and political life

Women possess the same capacity for reason as men, so they should have the same rights as men

400
  • Made fun of religious intolerance, thought people should be free to choose their own beliefs, Freedom of religion 

Voltaire

400

Used ideas from the Enlightenment in order to create a democratic government for the United States (Separation of Powers, Natural Rights), wrote the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson
500

German astronomer, confirmed Copernicus’s theory and confirmed that the planets move in oval paths called ellipses; planets do not move at the same speed

Kepler

500

Why did the Catholic Church want to stop the spread of Galileo’s ideas?

  • Galileo’s ideas went against what the church had been saying for years – he was accused of heresy
  • His theory contradicted what the ancient Greeks taught (Ptolemy)
500

How did the Glorious Revolution lead to a constitutional monarchy in England?

  • King James II of England was overthrown
  • Then the throne was offered to William and Mary under the condition that they allow their power to be limited (by a Bill of Rights)
  • William and Mary accepted – this change of power is referred to as the Glorious Revolution
  • The result of this revolution was a new form of government called a constitutional monarchy
500

She thought that women should have equal rights in education, the workplace and political life


Mary Wollstoncraft