General Chemistry
This family of elements that tend to gain a single electron in reactions, which includes chlorine (Cl).
What are Halogens?
This force, which is usually ignored in problems from introductory physics courses, can be of static or kinetic types.
What is Friction?
This is the powerhouse of the cell.
What is the Mitochondrion? (Accept plural forms)
This supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, which began to break apart about 175 million years ago.
What is Pangaea?
This experiment, performed in Ryerson Hall in 1908 and published in 1913, determined the charge of the electron.
What is the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment?
Rusting is this type of reaction in which electrons are transferred between chemical species.
What is Redox or Oxidation-Reduction?
This physicist, who derived the relations between partial derivatives of thermodynamic quantities, also lends his name to a collection of four central equations of electromagnetism.
Who is J.C. Maxwell?
First described in 1993, this is a small-noncoding RNA molecule (~22 nucleotides long) that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
What is a microRNA?
An extinct group of marine mollusc animals that appeared during the Devonian and died out during the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.
What are Ammonoids, or Ammonites?
This 1934 Nobel Prize winner was awarded for the discovery of deuterium. He also performed a famous experiment testing the chemical origins of life.
Who is Harold Urey?
This thermodynamic value, symbolized H, is the sum of a system’s internal energy and the work needed to make space for the system.
What is Enthalpy?
This quantity is defined analytically as one over the square root of epsilon-naught times mu-naught, and is also found in the Lorentz factor.
What is the Speed of Light, or c?
These short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication.
What are Okazaki Fragments?
This scientific term refers to the latitude of a place at some time in the past, measured relative to the earth’s magnetic poles in the same period.
What is Paleolatitude?
This scientist discovered that chromosomal translocations are drivers of diseases such as leukemia and other cancers.
Who is Janet Rowley?
This early 20th century chemist lends his name to a type of drawing that shows bonds as dashes and electrons as dots; he also names a theory of acids and bases.
Who is G.N. Lewis?
This quantity, which has SI units of J*s or kg*m^2/s, is also the integral of torque with respect to time.
What is Angular Momentum? (Momentum not acceptable)
Taq polymerase, the heat-stable DNA polymerase often used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), originated from this bacterium.
What is Thermus Aquaticus?
The scientific term for all chemical, physical, and biological modifications undergone by a sediment after its initial deposition.
What is Diagenesis?
This biochemist, who also earned his M.S. and M.D. at UChicago, discovered proinsulin.
Who is Donald F. Steiner?
This law states that the vapor pressure of a liquid is directly proportional to its mole fraction in solution, and shows that vapor pressure is a colligative property,
What is Raoult's Law?
This law states that the current induced by a varying magnetic field produces a magnetic field that opposes the change in magnetic flux.
What is Lenz's Law?
In the CRISPR bacterial adaptive immune system, binding of Cas9 to the target genomic locus is mediated by both the target sequence and this 2-6-base pair DNA sequence that helps distinguish bacterial self from non-self DNA.
What is the Protospacer Adjacent Motif, or PAM?
This was the first carnivorous dinosaur to be discovered in Antarctica in 1991 by Dr. William Hammer.
What is Cryolophosaurus?
This former professor won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics for describing the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry.
Who is Yoichiro Nambu?