People
the "father of modern philosophy" famous for his concept of "I think, therefore I am”
Rene Descartes
Aristotle was born here
Greece
This invention during this period helped spread challenging ideas
a printing press
the founder of modern chemistry explains how the volume, temperature, and pressure of gas affect each other.
Boyle's Law (Robert Boyle)
"I think, therefore I am"
Rene Descartes
His geocentric theory suggests that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
Nicolaus Copernicus
Isaac Newton was born here
England
Galileo got help and made his own and used it to study the heavens in 1609.
telescope
an earth centered view of the universe
Geocentric theory (Aristotle)
"To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction"
Isaac Newton
discovered Craters and mountains on the Moon, the phases of Venus, Jupiter's moons, and the stars of the Milky Way.
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Kepler was born here
Germany
Galileo discovered this to have rough, uneven surfaces
the moon
a sun centered view of the universe
Heliocentric theory (Nicolaus Copernicus)
"All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them"
Galileo
English philosopher and statesman renowned for his philosophical works advocating for the scientific method
Francis Bacon
Nicolaus Copernicus was born here
Poland
Gabriel Fahrenheit made this instrument for measuring and indicating temperature
thermometer
this explains how the same physical laws governed motion both on earth and in the heavens
law of gravity (Isaac Newton)
"To know that we know what we know, and to know that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge"
Copernicus
known for his groundbreaking work in physics and mathematics, particularly his formulation of the laws of motion and universal gravitation
Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei was born here
Italy
British physician Edward Jenner introduced this to prevent smallpox
the world's first vaccine
this revolutionized our understanding of how planets orbit the sun
the 3 laws of planetary motion (Johannes Kepler)
"God would not have made the universe as it is unless He intended us to understand it"
Robert Boyle