Scientists
Which scientist improved telescopes, observed moons orbiting Jupiter, provided evidence against an Earth-centered universe, and proved that objects fall at the same speed?
What instrument did Galileo improve that helped astronomers see planets and moons more clearly?
The telescope.
Which theory states that the sun is the center of the universe?
Heliocentric theory
What are Newton’s First, Second, and Third Laws collectively called?
They are called Newton’s Laws of Motion.
Jupiter
Which scientist came up with the laws of gravity and motion?
Isaac Newton
The microscope
Which theory states that the Earth is the center of the universe?
Geocentric theory
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation states that gravity is what kind of force?
A force of attraction between objects
Kepler stated that planet move in what type of orbit around the sun?
Elliptical
Frances Bacon
What process was created to allow people to test different theories by experimenting and collecting data?
Scientific Method
What does it mean for a planet’s orbit to be elliptical? What were the orbits of the planets previously thought to be?
It means that the planet's orbit is in an oval shape rather than a circle.
What is Newton's First Law?
At first, the idea of a heliocentric universe went against previous Church teachings. What were the scientist often charged with because of this theory?
Heresy (going against the Church)
Which scientist created the heliocentric theory?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Identify the technological development from the Renaissance that helped spread scientific ideas more quickly across Europe.
Printing Press
What ideology from the Renaissance was spread throughout the Scientific Revolution and led to people experimenting and investigating to form their own opinions and conclusions?
Humanism
What is Newton's Second Law?
Force= mass x acceleration
Kepler found that the Moon can control what phenomenon on Earth?
Tides of the oceans
Who formulate the laws showing that planets move in elliptical orbit?
Johannes Kepler
How did better measurement tools contribute to the shift from relying on authority to relying on observation and experiment?
Better measurement tools produced quantitative, repeatable data that anyone could check, making claims verifiable. When measurements contradicted ancient authorities, scientists could demonstrate why through experiments and recorded results. This encouraged the scientific community to prefer evidence and reproducible methods over accepting statements simply because they came from respected ancient writers.
What is “terminal velocity” as discussed in Galileo’s studies of motion and falling objects?
"Terminal velocity" is when objects fall at the same rate no matter the mass of the objects.
What is Newton's Third Law?
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
What does Newton's Law of Gravity prove about the planets and the sun?
It proves that the Sun's gravity is what keeps the planets orbiting around the sun on their same paths.