Astronomy
He was the first astronomer to use a telescope and spent the last 9 years of his life under house arrest after coming into conflict with Catholic Church for his belief in heliocentrism
Galileo Galilei
He discovered the laws of motion, law of gravity, and calculus
Isaac Newton
This Enlightenment thinker was a strong advocate of freedom of speech and freedom of religion
Voltaire
This Enlightenment thinker advocated for the education of women
Mary Wollstonecraft
This French surgeon who used ointments to prevent infection
Ambroise Pare
This astronomer discovered the laws of planetary motion. These laws showed that planets move in ellipses rather than perfect circles
Johannes Kepler
He learned much about human anatomy by dissecting executed criminals
Andreas Vesalius
He believed that humans had three natural rights – life, liberty, and property – and were capable of self-government
John Locke
He wrote The Wealth of Nations which advocated a laissez-faire, or free market economy that the government would not intervene in
Adam Smith
English thinker who believed experimentation was the best way to gain new information
Francis Bacon
This Polish astronomer kicked off the Scientific Revolution with his discovery that the earth revolved around the sun
Nicolaus Copernicus
He invented the first vaccine
Edward Jenner
He believed that people were naturally wicked and needed a strong ruler to maintain order
This philosopher's idea of separation of powers appears in the American Constitution
Montesquieu
French philosopher who believed that everything should be doubted unless it could be proved by reason
Rene Descartes
This is the belief that the earth is at the center of the universe
Geocentrism
This Dutch scientist is considered the father of microbiology
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
This philosopher wanted to abolish the nobility and believed that humans must sacrifice some of their natural freedom for the sake of the collective good
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This man wrote about the justice system and argued against unfair trials, torture, and the death penalty
Cesare Beccaria
This is the belief that the sun is the center of the solar system
Heliocentrism
This astronomer witnessed a supernova and kept meticulous records of planetary movement
Tycho Brahe
He is considered the father of modern chemistry
Robert Boyle
These were gatherings held by wealthy people to discuss Enlightenment ideas
Salons
This philosophy claims that God is real but does not get involved in human affairs
Deism
Name two core beliefs of the Enlightenment
Reason, logic, progress, democracy, human rights, individualism