Scientific Revolution
The theory of the universe that placed the Earth as the unmoving center of everything
What is the Geocentric Model
This step by step procedure (developed by Francis Bacon) gave an outline for how Scientist should conduct experiments.
What is the Scientific Method ?
This man believed humans are naturally cruel selfish and evil, therefor they did not deserve freedom and should follow an absolute Monarch (King)
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
The belief that the government gets power from the people
This enlightenment thinker advocated for Freedom of Speech and Religion. His famous quote "I may not agree with a word that you say, but I will fight to my death for your right to say it?"
Who is Voltaire
The model of the universe that stated the Sun was the center of Solar System
What is the Heliocentric Model
What is Inductive Reasoning?
Who is John Locke?
Montesquieus idea that the government should be divided into multiple branches to prevent tyranny
What is Seperation of Powers
The Social Contract, Rousseau argues this should guide the governments decision making
What is the General Will (the people)
This scientist first came up with the Heliocentric Model of the Universe
Who is Copernicus?
Rene Descartes famously used this method of reasoning, which starts with a general rule and applies it to a specific example
These are the Natural Rights that Locke Wrote about,
What are Life, Liberty, and Property?
The old way of viewing political authority, that it came directly from God
What is the divine right of kings
This English philosopher argued in his Two Treatises of Government that all individuals possess natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that a government's authority relies on the consent of the governed.
Who is John Locke?
Galileo observed these celestial bodies that helped disprove the geocentric model of the universe?
What are the Moons of Jupiter or Rings of Saturn?
The belief that all knowledge comes primary from sensory experiences
What is empiricism
What is Right to Revolt / Rebel
The Scientific Revolution inspired Enlightenment thinkers to analyze social and political issues using these two tools—rather than relying on religious faith or traditional authority.
What is Logic and Reason
This French philosopher advocated for dividing government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches to prevent tyranny
Who is Montesquieu
After an apple fell on his head, he wrote the universal laws of Gravity and applied them to explain the planets' orbit.
Who is Sir Issac Newton
This would be an example of what type of reasoning: "all men are created equal, the king and I are both men, therefore the king is equal to me."
What is deductive reasoning?
The Theory that says individuals implicitly agree to surrender some of their freedoms to a governing authority in exchange for the protection of their remaining natural rights.
What is the social contract?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that legitimate political authority must rest on this collective goal of the community, which aims at the common good rather than private interests.
What is the General Will
In his 1651 masterwork Leviathan, this political thinker argued that human life in the state of nature is "nasty, brutish, and short," making an absolute sovereign necessary to maintain order.
Who is Hobbes