Scientific Revolution
a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. (1) begins with a problem or question arising from an observation, (2) Scientists then form a hypothesis, (3) Hypothesis is then tested in an experiment or on the basis of data, (4) Scientists then analyze and interpret their data to reach a new conclusion.
Scientific Method
This theorist concluded that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion
Johannes Kepler
When did the Enlightenment occur?
1500s - 1700s
This philosopher advocated for Separation of church and state, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.
Voltaire
This is the theory that concluded that citizens give up some of their rights to live in an organized society
Social Contract
Earth-centered view of the universe. This idea came from the Greek philosopher Aristotle.
Geocentric Model
Build his own telescope, announced tha Jupiter had four moons and that the sun had dark spots, noted that the earth’s moon had a rough, uneven surface.
Galileo Galilei
Philosophers of the Enlightenment wanted to use _______ and ________ in all aspects of life.
Logic and Reasoning
This philosopher advocated for the Separation of powers, branches of government, checks and balances.
Baron de Montesquieu
A major goal of the Enlightenment was to spread the idea of democracy and the _____ of the ______
power, individual
Sun-centered theory of the universe. This discovery came from the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus
Heliocentric Model
Responsible for the Scientific Method and believed that by better understanding the world, scientists would generate practical knowledge that would improve people’s lives.
Francis Bacon
What led to the Enlightenment?
Scientific Revolution
This philosopher belived that humans had natural rights. These included things like right to life, liberty, and property
John Locke
A second goal of the Enlightenment Thinkers was to build tolerance around new ideas and end _____ ____
Religious wars
This is a method scientists use to make a prediction before an experiment
Hypothesis
This person helped to bring together their breakthroughs under a single theory of motion.
Isaac Newton
French philosophes met and discussed their ideas in _________________
Salons
This philosopher believed that “A strong leader is needed to impose order and structure on society”
Thomas Hobbes
This Women writer from the 1700s disagreed with Rousseau that women’s education should be secondary to men’s. Rather, she argued that women, like men, need education to become virtuous and useful. She also urged women to enter the male-dominated fields of medicine and politics.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Theory that described how objects in the universe attract other objects
Law of Universal Gravitation
This person became interested in an old Greek idea that the sun stood at the center of the universe.
Nicholas Copernicus
Many of the prominent philosophers of the Enlightenment age came from
France and England
This philosopher believed that people were intrinsically good by nature and that the purpose of government is to work for the common good
Rousseau
Which philosopher said: “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it?”
Voltaire