Theories and Vocab
Who was the first to theorize the heliocentric theory - that the earth revolved around the sun?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who was one of the first scientists to record the position of the stars and emphasized the idea of careful observation and data?
Tycho Brahe
Which Enlightenment thinker published a book called Leviathan in which he states that people are driven by a restless desire for power and that without laws people would always be in conflict?
Thomas Hobbes
What does the Legislative branch do?
Makes the laws; Congress
Who was put on trial for heresy and forced to take back his theories for fear of being tortured?
Galileo Galilei
What was the Enlightenment?
Scholars began to challenge long held beliefs about science, religion, and government
Who stated that planets orbit in an elliptical shape?
Johannes Kepler
Which Enlightenment thinker published Two Treaties of Government which justified a strong Parliament to protect human rights?
John Locke
What does the Executive branch do?
Enforces the laws; President
Who argued that science should be pursued systematically (step-by-step) to gain more knowledge?
Francis Bacon
What was the Scientific Revolution?
As explorers traveled around the world bringing new ideas and technology, people began to question the ideas of the ancient Greek and Roman scholars
Who was the first person to study the sky using a telescope?
Galileo Galilei
Which Enlightenment thinker published The Spirit of Laws and argued the best way to protect human rights is to divide power between different branches?
Baron de Montesquieu
What does the Judicial branch do?
Interprets the laws; Supreme Court
Who claimed that knowledge began with doubt, not faith?
Rene Descartes
What are salons?
Where philosophers would gather in informal meetings
Who created the laws of motion, which describes how objects move through space?
Sir Isaac Newton
Which Enlightenment thinker thoughts that capital punishment should never be used and that punishments should fit the seriousness of the crime?
Cesare Beccaria
What are natural rights?
Life, Liberty, Property
Which form of government did Locke prefer?
Representative democracy
Who introduced the law of gravity, which stated that force attracts objects to one another?
Sir Isaac Newton
Who invented the barometer, an instrument that measures air pressure (this helps predict the weather)?
Torricelli
Which Enlightenment thinker wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which amendment in the US Constitution was inspired by the beliefs of Voltaire?
1st, freedom of speech
List the steps to the scientific method.
Stating the problem. Asking why?
Collecting information.
Forming a hypothesis: an educated guess as to what may happen.
Testing the hypothesis.
Recording and analyzing data.
Creating conclusions on the research and data.