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Enlightenment
Philosophy and Science
Wild Card
100
Who discovered that the Earth was NOT the center of the universe, rather it revolves around the sun? a. Copernicus b. Kepler c. Galileo Galilei d. Newton e. Bacon
What is a. Copernicus ***( His "Copernican Hypothesis" had three additional principles: 1. stars are fixed, 2. the universe is larger than previously thought, 3. math is critical to the work of astronomy.
100
What discipline did Robert Boyle develop during the Scientific Revolution?
What is chemistry
100
Name the two institutions that promoted the spread of the Enlightenment:
What is salons and coffeehouses.
100

Prior to the 1800's "science" was called ____________ ________________.

What is Natural Philsophy

100
Compare/Contrast the Renaissance, Reformation, and Enlightenment with the classes, women, and main ideas.
What is Renaissance: wealthy intellectuals/no women/classical. Reformation: all classes/women involved/Bible. Enlightenment: wealthy intellectuals/no women/reason.
200
This group of British scientists meet in public to discuss science.
What is the Royal Society
200
T/F: Kepler, Galileo, and Copernicus were all non-believers.
What is False-they were all Christians.
200
Descartes taught humans to doubt everything but, "_________ ______________" and also said the famous quote, "I think; therefore, ___ ____", and was the founder of __________.
What is first principles/ I am/ Geometry
200
T/F: Immanuel Kant believed that Enlightenment thinkers should publish their ideas in order to advance the society. T/F: Hume thought intellectuals should be skeptical of religious claims.
What is True/True
200
T/F: Scientists studied Anatomy after the middle 1500's by experimentation on condemned prisoner cadavers.
What is True
300
Which scientist was the father of Calculus, Alchemy, and had the four laws of motion? a. Copernicus b. Kepler c. Galileo Galilei d. Newton e. Bacon
What is d. Newton
300
What was Voltaire's belief that meant that God was involved in creation, but not after creation (Deism)?
What is "Clockmaker God"
300
Who opposed the Enlightenment in North America?
What is J. Edwards
300

Adam Smith was the father of the economic system called ____________.

What is capitalism

300

T/F: Diseases prior to the Revolution were believed to be imbalances in chemicals.

What is False-prior to the Revolution it was imbalance of humors, and during the Revolution they discovered it was chemicals in the body instead.

400
Who is the scientist who developed empiricism, which was the idea that acquired evidence is gathered through experimentation and not speculation. a. Copernicus b. Kepler c. Galileo Galilei d. Newton e. Bacon
What is e. Bacon
400
Who was the Greek philosopher that most scientific ideas came from prior to the scientific revolution?
What is Aristotle
400

Who recanted his writings when pressed by the Roman Catholic Church?

What is Galileo

400
What were the three breakthrough theories of Kepler?
What is 1. plants have elliptical orbits around the sun, 2. the speed of the planets orbits is proportional to their distance from the sun, and 3. the time a planet takes to complete an orbit is proportionate to it's distance from the sun.
400
Who edited work called the Encyclopedia, and also had a goal to teach readers to think critically.
Who is Denis Diderot
500
What was Galileo's three discoveries?
What is bodies accelerate at uniform rate due to force of gravity, an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by some external force, and that Jupiter has 4 moons.
500
T/F: The French philosopher Montesquieu was a democrat.
What is False-he was NOT a democrat, but did like and model some similar government structures that are in the US government.
500
List the 6 principles of the Enlightenment:
What is see study guide pg. 6-7 (know key words and concepts)
500
List the five basic ideas of Natural Philosophy:
What is 1. The earth is motionless/fixed. 2. The earth is also at the center of the universe. 3. Ten crystal spheres revolve around the earth, and inside the spheres are the sun, moon, stars, and planets. 4. Beyond the spheres lies heaven. 5. The natural world is made up of the four elements of: fire, air, water, and earth.
500
Rousseau's concept he believed was rule by the people, or "__________ _________________."
What is popular sovereignty (not rationalism-that he feared)