The study of the nature of the Universe, its purpose, and how it functions
What is Natural Philosophy
100
Wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding in which he argued the mind is a blank slate
Who is John Locke
100
Discovered the laws of gravity and wrote the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Who is Isaac Newton
100
English politician and writer who advocated the idea of empirical research
Who is Francis Bacon
100
Sun centered view of the Universe
What is heliocentric
200
The intellectual movement of the 17th century that introduced a new worldview based on the use of reason, the scientific method, and progress
What is The Enlightenment
200
Wrote The Spirit of The Laws, in which he argued for the separation of powers
Who is Montesquieu
200
Published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in the year of his death (1543); kick started the Scientific Revolution with his challenging of the Aristotelian Universe
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus
200
Frenchmen who combined algebra and geometry together; also believed that everything was made up of matter (physical) and mind (spiritual)
Who is Rene Descartes
200
Earth centered theory of the Universe
What is geocentric
300
Name for French intellectuals who believed they were bringing the light of knowledge to Europe
What is Philosophes
300
Wrote the Wealth of Nations, in which he argued the invisible hand guides the economy; considered the father of modern economics
Who is Adam Smith
300
Worked out Brahe's calculations and formulated 3 laws of planetary motion
Who is Johannes Kepler
300
Founded the modern science of chemistry; believed elements were composed of infinitely small atoms
Who is Robert Boyle
300
What was on the very outside of the Aristotelian diagram of the universe
What is God, heaven
400
Collection of over 72,000 articles that summed up human knowledge
What is The Encyclopedia
400
Believed that individuals were born free and perfect, and that society/civilization corrupted them
Who is Jean-Jacque Rousseau
400
Built his own telescope and discovered the moons of Jupiter
Who is Galileo
400
Discovered the circulation of the blood through veins and arteries and explained that the heart worked like a pump
Who is William Harvey
400
According to Adam Smith, this is unseen but guides the economy
What is the Invisible Hand
500
The transition in Europe from a society in where only a few people read mostly religious texts, to a society where literacy and the reading of books was common place
What is the Reading Revolution
500
Wrote An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, in which he argued the human mind is unable to understand causality
Who is David Hume
500
Worked at the most sophisticated observatory in Europe collecting data on the sky, but died before he could do anything with his calculations
Who is Tycho Brahe
500
Wrote On the Structure of the Human Body in which he showed over 200 precise drawings of dissected bodies
Who is Andreas Vesalius
500
The 4 humors that Galen believed the body contained