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Scientific Stuff
Terms likely to be on the TEST
Enlightenment
'Murican Revol.
Melange
100
My cosmology says there a 55 "nested" crystalline spheres holding all the heavenly bodies each in their proper place and plane in the heavens. . . WHO AM I?
What is ARISTOTLE ?
100
This is the french term for Enlightenment thinkers who introduced ideas about society based on natural laws and reason.
Who were the PHILOSOPHES ?
100
Rather pessimistic after living through the English civil war , this philosopher believed that a strong monarch was needed to protect us from our selfish, violent tendencies and from certain death in the "state of nature."
Who was Thomas HOBBES
100
When we declared our independence from Britain, and said we were done with King George, and were going to protect our natural rights by forming our own government, we were following the ideas of this British philosophe . . .
Who was John LOCKE ?
100
With her 1792 essay, "A Vindication of the Rights of Women", this Enlightenment philosophe was a persuasive advocate for recognizing the equality of women and respect for their natural rights .
Who is Mary WOLLSTONECRAFT ?
200
Based on data collected by Brahe this brilliant astronomer said the planet's orbits are elliptical and their speeds of orbit vary with their distance from the Sun . . . says WHO?
Who is Johannes KEPLER ?
200
The Enlightenment era ARTISTIC STYLE of overly-bright, overly decorated, over-done ART. . . but also some pretty great MUSIC by composers such as Mozart, Handel and Bach
What is BAROQUE ?
200
These intellectual get-togethers, held usually in influential women's homes, played a major role in promoting and spreading the ideas of the Enlightenment
What are "SALONS" ?
200
We felt wronged by the British government so colonists rebelled and formed their own gov't. What was our weak, ineffective 1st national gov't called that was in place from 1777 until 1788, but later replaced by our current Constitution?
What were the ARTICLES of CONFEDERATION ?
200
Our First Amendment guarantees of the freedoms of SPEECH & RELIGION are drawn from the ideas & writings of this french satirist.
Who is François-Marie Arouet AKA VOLTAIRE?
300
This Polish Catholic priest was the first to insist that the Earth was NOT the center of the universe, . . . but hesitated to publish his ideas until shortly before his death.
Who was Nicolaus COPERNICUS ?
300
Define "SOCIAL CONTRACT"
What is an arrangement in which people willingly give up a few liberties and form a GOVERNMENT and create LAW in order to have safety, ORDER, peace, and protection of their remaining rights. ?
300
Although this Danish Astronomer accumulated LOTS of data he had no sure, clear idea of what it all meant, . . . no social graces . . . also, . . . NO NOSE !
Who was Tycho BRAHE?
300
My pamphlet, Common Sense, published in 1776 persuaded a LOT of men & women in the American colonies to support our break with Britain and actively join the Revolution against British tyranny. WHO AM I ?
who is Thomas PAINE ?
300
Almost exactly 100 years after the English got their Bill of Rights we added similar provisions to our new Constitution. The ideas though of protecting and respecting individual rights and sharing power can be traced all the way back to this document forced on King John in 1215. . .
What is MAGNA CARTA?
400
This scientist came up with the Laws of Motion, Calculus and the law of Gravity
Who was Sir Isaac NEWTON
400
Name any "Enlightened" Monarch
Who were Joseph II of Austria / Catherine the Great of Russia / Frederick the Great of Prussia ?
400
Our current Constitution divides the power of the national gov't into three branches, the Legislative, the Executive, & the Judicial. This separation of power, maintained by checks & balances, is based on the ideas of this French philosophe.
Who is MONTESQUIEU ?
400
The Declaration of Independence had ideas in it from several Enlightenment philosophers, but was written by this great American political philosopher, activist, and founder . . .
Who is Thomas JEFFERSON ?
400
Of his own existence he was sure, all else in the world around us requires proof. This mathematician developed analytical geometry, which links geometry and algebra and created a technique for graphing or plotting data along two axises. Who are we talking about?
Who is Rene DESCARTES ?
500
This English scientist is credited with being the father of the SCIENTIFIC METHOD through "inductive reasoning."
Who was Sir Francis BACON ?
500
In 1689 Parliament invited these two to share the British monarchy on the condition they agree to limits on their power, to share power with Parliament, and that they sign the English Bill of Rights . . .WHO was this royal couple?
Who were WILLIAM & MARY ?
500
Our own 8th amendment was partly inspired bythe Italian philosophe Cesare BECCARIA, an advocate for reform in the area of . . .
What is Criminal LAW and DUE PROCESS
500
America uses an economic system encouraging free markets, free enterprise, "laissez faire" whose ideas, collectively called capitalism, all of these ideas of . . . who?
Who is Adam SMITH ?
500
Dis dude did da ENCYLCLOPEDIA
Who is Denis DIDEROT