Rock Cycle
rock that forms from the weathering and erosion of other rocks (these sediments are deposited, compacted, and cemented)
Sedimentary Rock
the innermost layer of Earth, located beneath the mantle
Core
the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth, above the mantle
Crust
the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface
Continental Drift
smallest particle of an element.
Atom
rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes
Metamorphic Rock
the layer of rock between Earth’s crust and core
Mantle
the process of moving farther apart
Divergence
a break in Earth’s crust where masses of rock slip past each other
Fault
two or more atoms that are chemically bonded.
Molecule
molten rock found under the Earth’s crust, containing dissolved gases and solid particles. At the Earth's surface, it is known as lava.
Magma
the process of moving closer together
Convergence
pieces of Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle (together called the lithosphere) that causes change in Earth’s surface by their movements
Tectonic Plates
a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
Transform Boundary
Force that holds atoms together.
Chemical Bonding
rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies
Igneous Rock
shapes, like mountains or hills that make up the Earth's surface.
Landforms
any remains, impressions, or traces of a living thing found in Earth of a former geologic age
Fossil
Type of heat transfer where fluids rise as they warm up, and sink as they cool down.
Convection Currents
a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical or physical means
Element
the processes that wear away, loosen, and dissolve materials of the Earth's crust, then move those small pieces somewhere else.
the name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents
Pangea
the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
Subduction
the process by which ocean floors spread from crests of mid ocean ridges. As material moves away from the ridge, new material replaces it along the ridge.
Sea Floor Spreading
an arrangement tool of the known elements organized by properties
Periodic Table