People
Freud
Psychoanalysis/dynamic, ego defense mechanisms, 5 stages of psychosexual development, id/ego/superego
Adult and Child ideal group sizes
8-10 for adult, 3-4 for children
What is an avocation?
Activity engaged in for enjoyment
What is it called when you reject the true/accept the false.
Type 1 alpha, type 2 beta
Skinner
Operant conditioning, rats, behaviorist, positive/negative reinforcement/punishment
William Glasser
Reality Therapy, spoke of control/choice theory, reality therapy has 8 steps, success identity.
Gestalt Theory
Gestalt means configuration, makes you a complete person, frustrates the client, unfinished business, empty chair technique.
Is it permissible to use deception with human subjects in research?
YES! Under certain circumstances.
Types of groups
Guidance groups, counseling groups, therapy groups, t-groups/training, structured groups, self-help groups
Carl Rogers
Rogerian non-directive, client-centered, emphasizes empathy, positive regard, congruence, humanistic, self-actualization
Piaget
Cognitive developmental stages, 4 stages
Positive vs negative reinforcement
both used to increase desired behavior. Positive reinforcement adds something positive while negative adds something negative.
]The following school is drawn from most assertivness trainings. (ex. humanistic, cognitive, etc...)
Behaviorism
Social Learning Theory
People learn by seeing. Modeling and observation are two giant pieces in this theory.
Joseph Wolpe
Systematic desentistization, remove phobias
Albert Ellis
REBT, ABC theory of personality, humans are guided by self talk, tendency to think irrationally
Independent variable vs dependent variable
The independent variable is what changes throughout the experiment, dependent variable changes based on independent (dependent waits on independent).
What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
Assimilation takes new information by adapting it into the old while accommodation forms new schema
Systematic Desensitization
Based on pavlov, removes phobias, done in the safety of CS office, uses relaxation paired w/ anxiety.
Frederick Thorne
Eclectic Approach
Eric Berne
Transactional Analysis
Developmental theory with 3 periods proposed by Ginzberg Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma (what are the periods)
1. Fantasy (birth-11)
2. Tentative (11-17)
3. Realistic (17+)
_____ is the notion that human beings can change anything throughout the lifespan they wish.
Plasticity
Range is...
the highest score minus the lowest score (+1 may be added on some tests).
Anne Roe
Created 6 levels and 8 field, jobs meet our needs determined by childhood