Cases
In this case SCOTUS granted the federal government power to regulate private business, using the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S.
This was the first case where the problem of federalism came into focus with the creation of the first national bank
McCulloch v. Maryland
The three important clauses of this amendment are...
Equal Protections
Privileges and Immunities
Due Process
There are ____ justices in SCOTUS
9
The scrutiny tests are used to determine the ____ of a statute or ordinance
Constitutionality
In this case SCOTUS first used the Commerce Clause to mean "all intercourse," thereby granting more regulative power to the federal government
Gibbons v. Ogden
In this case SCOTUS sided with the state government and found the national government's actions in imprisoning a student for bringing a gun to school unconstitutional
U.S. v. Lopez
This amendment made the ____ possible, which is the use of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens from state power
Incorporation Doctrine
SCOTUS is primarily an ___ court, which means they hear cases that come from lower courts
Appellate
This test is usually used to protect against gender discrimination or in 1st Amendment cases
Intermediate Scrutiny Test
In this case SCOTUS decided that citizens were entitled to a lawyer even in cases where a capital crime was not committed
Gideon v. Wainwright
In this case SCOTUS first used the substantive due process test to strike down a state's overreach of power
Griswold v. Connecticut
This case attempted to use this amendment to use the Bill of Rights against the states
Barron v. Baltimore
The three rules of judicial review are...
1. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land
2. SCOTUS has final say on whether a law is constitutional or not
3. SCOTUS must rule against any law that goes against the constitution
These individuals are those that have been historically subject to discrimination
Suspect classification
This case set the precedent for "separate but equal" and was overturned by this case
Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education
In this case SCOTUS decided that prayers said in school are unconstitutional, no matter if they are required or not
Engel v. Vitale
This clause was used in the Slaughterhouse Cases to protect the citizens from state power; SCOTUS, however, struck it down
Privileges and Immunities Clause
This case granted judicial review to SCOTUS and occurred during the election of these two men; this Chief Justice passed down the decision
Marbury v. Madison; Adams and Jefferson; Chief Justice John Marshall
This test is usually invoked by the Equal Protections Clause
Rational Basis Test
In this case SCOTUS attempted to give back power to the states and limit the power of the national government to regulate how states used their power, in this instance it focused on waste management
New York v. U.S.
In this case SCOTUS decided that inter-racial marriage was legal and any imprisonment or fines as punishment for it were unconstitutional
Loving v. Virginia
This case made it possible to include some of the Bill of Rights in cases against the states; this clause was used and upheld by SCOTUS
Palko v. Connecticut; Due Process Clause
"It is…the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is...If two laws ___ with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each.”
Conflict
This test is used if a law that goes against a fundamental right is passed or it involves this classification
Strict Scrutiny Test; suspect classification