Misc
Why do we tape athletes?
- Restrict ROM and mobility
- Protect & support current or historical injury
- Can assist proprioception via sensory input
mTBI - mild traumatic brain injury
Rapid movement of brain within the skull leading to functional disturbances and chemical shifts
What is a differential diagnosis
List of potential conditions that have similar symptoms using a process of elimination
Explain an EAP. What is role of ATC?
Emergency Action Plan
How do we know what's normal vs abnormal when evaluating for a concussion?
MUST BE INDIVIDUALIZED
- established baseline measures, compared to present day assessments
- consider variables from history, sport, symptom type
What main components make up an injury evaluation? (4)
- History
- Observation/Inspection
- Palpation
- Testing (ROM, MMT, special tests)
What are modalities and why do we use them?
therapeutic tools and techniques used to treat injuries, manage pain, and promote healing
used as an adjunct to other treatments, such as exercise and manual therapy
primary purpose is to influence pain and inflammation, improve circulation, and facilitate the body's natural healing processes
What are some immediate referral signs and symptoms?
- visible deformity
- seizure
- loss of consciousness
- weakness and/or altered sensation in more than 1 arm or in legs
- GCS <15
- increasingly restless, agitated, or combative
- neck pain, tenderness, loss of ROM
Describe the structural difference between tendon and ligament
tendon- attaches muscle to bone; provides active limit to the amount of movement by absorbing energy and reducing forces applied to joints
ligament- attaches bone to bone; provides passive limit to the amount of movement between two bones
What are the 3 general classifications of ligament injury and describe each
grade 1: slight stretching of ligament with little to no tearing of fibers. Stability roughly compares to non-involved extremity
grade 2: partial tearing of fibers. Soft end feel as joint "opens up" under stress causing instability
grade 3: complete tear, empty end feel. Joint must rely on other structures for stability
How do we currently treat concussions?
- F/u with team physician within 24 hours (if not immediate referral)
- Complete return to learn and return to play progressions
- RTP:
•Stage 1: Symptom-limited activity
•b. Stage 2: Light aerobic exercise without resistance training
•c. Stage 3: Sport-specific exercise and activity without head impact
•d. Stage 4: Non-contact practice with progressive resistance training
•e. Stage 5: Unrestricted training
•f. Stage 6: Unrestricted return to sport
Define MOI and provide 1 potential examples of acute causes and 1 examples of chronic causes
- Sudden lengthening
-High eccentric loads
-Chronic loads
-Changes in training variables
-What else?