Types of Long Term Memory
Conscious memories about facts or events
Explicit memory
Effect which items presented at the beginning of a list are better remembered
Primacy Effect
old information affects your ability to remember more recently learned information
Proactive Interference
The example sound “b” is the smallest unit of sound without a meaning
Phoneme
This is the typical example of a concept
Prototype
Unintentional memories we might not realize we have
Implicit Memory
Effect which items presented at the end of a list are better remembered
Recency Effect
Memory encoding failure prevents someone from making new memories, but still allows them to learn new skills
Anterograde amnesia
This aspect of language refers to the context that can affect the meaning of a sentence
Pragmatics
A type of problem solving method which involves trying every possible solution
Algorithms
Memory about specific events
Episodic Memory
Ability to better retrieve information while in the same state of emotion as the encoding stage
Mood congruence
Mistake in memory occurs when one forgets where the information originated from
Misattribution error/Source amnesia
This cognitive psychologist stated that children have a critical period to learn language
Noam Chomsky
A rule that is generally but not always true that can be used to make a judgement on someone
Heuristics
Powerful photographic memory
Eidetic Memory
The cramming of information in one session of study
Massed Practice
The hypothesized rate of memory decline over time
Herman Ebbingaus’ Forgetting Curve
Children in this stage of language development are able to combine words into short phrases, demonstrating their ability to make new meaning from separate words
Telegraphic speech/Two word stage
When one judges the situation based on examples that come to mind initially
Availability Heuristic
Memory of facts and general knowledge
Semantic Memory
Reminders associated with information to help us remember
Retrieval Cues
The effect which information is more resistant to forgetting if practiced over and over again
Overlearning effect
This term refers to the cyclical nature of language and thought
Linguistic relativity
A problem with heuristics in which preexisting beliefs distort logical reasoning
Belief bias