Properties
What are the two elements that makeup water?
Hydrogen and oxygen.
Specific heat effect
Prevents large variations of surface temperature in the oceans and atmosphere
Which has greater density: freshwater or saltwater?
Saltwater
When does pressure increase?
With depth in the ocean.
What is the average salt to water percentage?
3.5% salt 96.5% water
What are the three physical states of water?
Gas, liquid, and solid.
Compressibility effect
Density changes only slightly with pressure. Sinking water can warm slightly.
What is the density of pure water?
What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?
1 atm or 14.7 lbs per square inch.
What is salinity?
The content of dissolved salt
What is surface tension?
Elastic property of water surface.
Refraction effect
Makes objects appear displaced when viewed by light and sound
Average salinity of seawater?
1.0278 g/ml
How many feet is 1 atm
33 feet
How is sea surface salinity controlled?
By variations in precipitation and evaporation patterns.
What is specific heat?
One calorie gram of water per celsius.
Sound transmission effect
Used to determine water depth and to locate objects.
Higher temp= ?
Lower density
What is the pressure effect from SCUBA diving
Equalization of air spaces
Wha type of runoff from major rivers can lower ocean salinity?
Freshwater
What is density?
Mass per unit volume: grams per cubic centimeter.
Heat transmission effect
Affects density; related to vertical circulation and layering.
Lower temp= ?
Higher density
What is the deepest ocean trench?
36,000 feet or 1100 atm
What is the ppt of the Dead Sea
300-400 ppt