Exercise Physiology
The VO₂ slow component refers to a progressive rise in oxygen consumption during prolonged exercise at this intensity relative to VO₂ max.
What is Lactate Threshold?
The product of force and the time over which it is applied is called ______, which influences momentum change.
What is impulse?
A respiratory quotient (RQ) near 0.7 during exercise indicates predominant oxidation of this fuel.
What is fat?
This formula calculates target heart rate using heart rate reserve for more individualized intensity.
What is the Karvonen formula?
CNS dysfunction and elevated core temperature characterize this dangerous heat illness.
What is exertional heat stroke?
During prolonged endurance exercise, the crossover concept describes a shift in substrate utilization from this macronutrient to this one.
What is carbohydrates to fats?
The stretch-shortening cycle improves force output via elastic energy storage and activation of this reflex.
What is the myotatic (stretch) reflex?
Lactate produced in muscles can be converted back to glucose in this organ.
What is the liver?
The Wingate test measures anaerobic power, with fatigue primarily caused by accumulation of this metabolite.
What is hydrogen ions (H⁺) / acidosis?
Acute high-altitude exposure reduces plasma volume through diuresis and this additional mechanism.
What is fluid shift (hemoconcentration)?
The Bohr effect describes how this factor influences hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen during exercise.
What is increased CO₂ / decreased pH?
Excessive femoral internal rotation during landing increases stress on this knee structure.
What is the ACL?
This vitamin is essential as a coenzyme for pyruvate decarboxylation in the TCA cycle.
What is thiamine?
RPE often correlates strongly with this physiological variable.
What is heart rate?
At altitude, increased 2,3-DPG shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin curve in this direction.
What is right?
During incremental exercise, heart rate plateaus in well-trained athletes. This phenomenon is called the cardiovascular ______.
What is drift?
Rotational power at a joint is calculated as torque multiplied by this variable.
What is angular velocity?
Post-exercise carbohydrate consumption exploits this enhanced muscle state.
What is glycogen resynthesis (or glycogen synthase activity)?
Resistance training for hypertrophy is usually prescribed at this % of 1RM for 6–12 repetitions.
What is 65–85%?
Oxygen toxicity in hyperbaric conditions primarily results from excessive production of this molecule.
What is reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
This type of muscular contraction generates force without a change in muscle length but increases intramuscular tension and blood pressure.
What is isometric contraction?
Ground reaction force acting parallel to the running surface is known as ______ force.
What is shear force?
These two hormones interact to regulate appetite and energy intake.
What are leptin and ghrelin?
This body composition assessment differentiates fat, bone, and lean tissue using X-ray attenuation.
What is DEXA?
Shivering thermogenesis primarily recruits this skeletal muscle fiber type.
What is type II (fast-twitch) fibers?