4TH AMENDMENT
This is the collective name for the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which includes the Fourth Amendment.
What is the Bill of Rights?
This legal document, issued by a judge, authorizes a police officer to search a specific person or place.
What is a search warrant?
This exception allows police to seize any illegal item that is openly visible, as long as the officer is legitimately on the premises.
What is plain view?
This rule states that any evidence obtained unlawfully cannot be used against an individual in a court of law.
What is the Exclusionary Rule?
To carry out an investigation by asking questions is to do this.
What is to inquire?
This is one crucial right that the Fourth Amendment helps to guarantee for citizens.
What is the right to privacy?
Based on the “totality of the circumstances,” the judge will sign a search warrant only if they find this.
What is probable cause?
When a police officer makes a lawful arrest, they can immediately search the person and any areas within the suspect's immediate reach under this exception.
What is Search Incident to a Lawful Arrest?
One primary purpose of the Exclusionary Rule is to prevent this type of behavior by law enforcement officers.
What is police misconduct (or violating rights)?
A pat-down of the outside of one’s clothing by a policeman is known as this.
What is a frisk?
Searches that are considered illegal under the Fourth Amendment are described by this term.
What are "unreasonable" searches?
To be valid, a search warrant must be signed by this government agent.
Who is a judge?
This exception applies when a person voluntarily and intelligently gives permission for a search, even if they don't know they have the right to refuse.
What is consent?
This is the specific legal action a defendant's lawyer can take before trial to prevent illegally obtained evidence from being used against their client in court.
What is a motion to suppress?
When a policeman discovers illegal merchandise after conducting a search, he immediately takes legal possession of the items - also known as this action.
What is Seizure?
The Fourth Amendment balances an individual's right to privacy against this governmental responsibility.
What is the government's duty to maintain order and enforce the law?
To be valid, a search warrant must specifically describe these two things.
What are the particular place to be searched and the things to be seized?
This exception permits officers to enter a private dwelling without a warrant if they are actively chasing a fleeing criminal to prevent escape or destruction of evidence.
What is Hot Pursuit?
When evidence is excluded by this rule, it can significantly hinder the prosecution's ability to prove the defendant's guilt to this high legal standard required for a conviction.
What is "beyond a reasonable doubt"?
The Fourth Amendment limits the investigatory power of this group...and we’re not just talking about police officers!
Who are “government officials?”