Indigenous History Part 1
How did the first indigenous people arrive in North America?
They travelled from Russia across a bridge made of ice called Beringia
What is an indigenous nation?
A nation is a group of people who occupy a particular territory, and who share a history, language, and culture.
How many voyages did Jacques Cartier make to the new world?
3
What are the three indigenous language groups found in the Saint Lawrence Valley?
Algonquin, Iroquois, Inuit
What is difference between a matrilineal society, and a patrilineal society?
In a matrilineal society, importance is placed on mothers within families. In a patrilineal society, importance is placed on fathers within families.
During his third voyage, what failed settlement did Jacques Cartier establish?
He created Charlesbourg-Royal at Cap Rouge (near Quebec City today)
Which of the indigenous language groups were matrilineal, which were patrilineal?
Inuit and Algonquin are patrilineal, Iroquois matrilineal.
Why did indigenous elders pass down stories and histories orally (through speaking)
They did not have a system of writing.
What were Jacques Cartiers goals in travelling to the new world?
Find a new route to Asia, find precious metals, colonize, and evangelize indigenous peoples.
What lifestyle did the Iroquois live, and why were they able to live like this?
They were sedentary, they were able to be sedentary because they lived on fertile land that allowed them grow crops, instead of relying on hunting like the Algonquin and Inuit
What lifestyle did the Algonquins, and Inuit live. Why did they live these lifestyles?
They were nomadic because they were unable to grow food. They relied on moving around to hunt animals to survive.
What happened in Gaspesie during Cartier's first voyage (1534)?
He planted a cross a ground to claim the land for the king of France. Chief Donnaconna was upset by this.
Chiefs made daily decisions, such as where to hunt, but more complex decisions such as alliances and war were made with the help of a council.
What was the role of a shaman in Indigenous society?
Heal the sick, interpret dreams, communicate with spirits, etc.
What prevented Jacques Cartier from returning to France during his second voyage (1535 - 1536)?
His boat got frozen in the ice near Quebec city, and most of his crew died from scurvy.