Isn't She a Bit Old?
The reason Krashen claims children are superior language learners to adults.
What is they have a less developed affective filter?
The failure of the Grammar-Translation Method is evidence that this theory is false.
What is the strong interface theory?
The typical development of a language learner follows this shape.
What is u shaped development?
The name of the hypothesis that postulated that L1 interfered with L2 learning.
What is the contrastive analysis hypothesis?
i + 1
What is comprehensible input?
Two factors causing the affective filter to be raised.
What are anxiety, low self-esteem, a negative perception of the target language, a feeling of isolation from the target language, and lack of motivation.
In Krashen's theory, explicit instruction leads to the development of this.
What is the monitor?
The smallest unit in a language.
What is a morpheme?
The theoretical support for the contrastive analysis hypothesis was based on these principles.
What are Behaviourist principles?
The language teaching method where students provide physical responses to commands provided in the target language.
What is Total Physical Response?
What is puberty?
According to Ellis, these two processes are aided by explicit knowledge of forms.
What is noticing and comparing?
According to Roger Brown's research, this was the most difficult morpheme in the English language to acquire.
What is the auxiliary verb 'to be.'
The theory that background knowledge of a language assists learners in acquiring a second language.
What is common underlying proficiency?
The process whereby a native speaker adjusts her speech to make it more comprehensible to a non-native speaker.
What is negotiation?
The age group that performed best throughout the second language course in Snow and Hoefnagel-Hohle's study.
What is adolescents?
The 'noticing' process results in input becoming this.
What is intake?
The attempt to teach language structures based on a pre-determined syllabus will likely lead to this.
What is language learning, but not likely significant acquisition?
Transfer errors only occur between these types of languages.
What are languages that are very similar?
That which Swain advocated was necessary to force complete grammatical processing.
What is pushed output?
The likelihood of attaining native-like competence decreases with this.
What is age?
Under this condition, form-focused instruction can contribute directly to the development of the interlanguage system.
What is the learner is at the correct level to acquire the form introduced?
According to Swan and Smith, these two criteria can be used to identify what forms should be explicitly taught.
What are they differ from L1 and are difficult to perceive, they occur infrequently in input, and the are likely to be misinterpreted or mis-analyzed by learners?
Errors should be viewed in this manner, rather than as a result of first language transfer.
What is as part of the restructuring of the interlanguage system?
Two of the three functions Swain advocated for output in language acquisition.
What are noticing/ triggering, hypothesis-testing, and metalinguistic?