Cardiology
This condition occurs when the left ventricle is unable to adequately pump blood, resulting in pulmonary congestion and shortness of breath. It is often seen in patients with hypertension or valvular heart disease.
What is left-sided heart failure?
This disease, often caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body, causing symptoms like coughing, night sweats, and weight loss.
What is tuberculosis (TB)?
This condition involves inflammation of the lining of the stomach and can be caused by infections (such as H. pylori), excessive alcohol consumption, or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
What is gastritis?
This disease involves thickening and hardening of the arterial walls due to the accumulation of lipid deposits, and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events like stroke and myocardial infarction.
What is atherosclerosis?
This obstructive lung disease is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and includes conditions like chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
This enzyme, secreted by the pancreas, is responsible for the breakdown of starches into simpler sugars during digestion.
What is amylase?
This condition is characterized by the presence of a "crescendo-decrescendo" systolic murmur heard best at the right upper sternal border, often caused by calcium deposits in the valve.
What is aortic stenosis?
This condition, often caused by a viral infection, results in inflammation of the upper airways and is commonly known as the "common cold."
What is rhinitis?
This chronic autoimmune disorder affects the small intestine, leading to malabsorption and damage to the villi, typically triggered by the ingestion of gluten.
What is celiac disease?
This type of heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively due to reduced ejection fraction, typically less than 40%.
What is systolic heart failure (HFrEF)?
This condition is characterized by the sudden collapse of a lung due to the presence of air in the pleural cavity.
What is a pneumothorax?
This digestive disorder involves the recurrent and severe reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain.
What is gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?
This congenital heart defect, often referred to as "blue baby syndrome," involves a right-to-left shunt and results in cyanosis due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
What is tetralogy of Fallot?
This condition, often seen in patients with long-term exposure to irritants such as smoke, leads to the thickening and scarring of the lung tissue and is associated with restrictive lung disease.
What is pulmonary fibrosis?
This disorder is characterized by inflammation of the large intestine, often presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and rectal bleeding. It is considered a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
What is ulcerative colitis?