Chapter 1
When was the Enlightenment? Give the centuries. Who was a popular English philosopher of the time whose ideas of natural rights would later influence the colonists?
17th-18th Centuries
John Locke
Cows, sheep, chickens etc. are types of ______:
Lucrative farm animals that are regarded as an asset
Livestock
The colonists were unhappy with their lack of representation in Parliament. They had many _________ (complaints about the unfair treatment)
Grievances
What was the name of the Patriot army? Who was their General?
The Continental Army
George Washington
What is federalism?
Division of governmental powers
What is mercantilism?
an economic theory developed in the 16th to 18th centuries holding that a government should control the economy and that a nation should increase its wealth by selling more than it buys from other nations (Cambridge)
What was the first permanent English settlement in America?
Jamestown, Virginia
Who fought in the French and Indian War? How else do we call the war ?
French and their natives vs. the British and their natives
The Seven Years' War
Who wrote Common Sense? What did it say?
Thomas Paine
It explained the obvious reasons for war against the British for independence.
What is popular sovereignty?
Power is with the people
How many wives did King Henry VIII have?
6
What was the Headright System and rôle did it play on the colonies ?
The headright system referred to a grant of land, usually 50 acres, given to settlers in the 13 colonies. The system was used mainly in Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Maryland. It proved to be quite effective by increasing the population in the British colonies.
Who was George Washington fighting for when he surrendered at Fort Necessity ?
The British
How is Benedict Arnold remembered today in the United States ?
As a traitor
What are the three branches of government and what do they do?
Legislative - makes the laws
Judicial - verifies that the laws are constitutional
Executive - enforces the laws
What was the The Spanish Armada ? Explain the importance? (countries involved, reasons, outcomes)
The Spanish Armada was a naval fleet dispatched by Spain in 1588 as part of a planned invasion of England. Spain assembled the flotilla in the hope of removing Protestant Queen Elizabeth I from the throne and restoring the Roman Catholic faith in England. The defeat of the Spanish Armada led to a surge of national pride in England
What was an indentured servant ? What rôle did they play in the colonies ?
Indentured servitude is a form of labor in which a person (an indenture) agrees to work without salary for a specific number of years through a contract for
John Adams represented soldiers that were attacked in the street during the Boston Massacre. Which Act directly led to the Boston Massacre?
The Townshend Acts
Explain how the Battle of Saratoga was significant to the outcome of the war ?
Colonial victory there led to French involvement in the war.
Explain the outcome of the Great Compromise.
-House - representative of states population
-Senate - each state has two representatives (so the small states are happy)
-3/5 agreement
-Slavery for another 20 years
The Church of England is Christian and Protestant. Members of this church are called what?
Anglicans
What was the Royal African Company ? What rôle did it play on the growth of the colonies ?
The Royal African Company was an English mercantile company set up in 1660 to trade along the west coast of Africa. It shipped more African slaves to the Americas than any other company in the history of the Atlantic slave trade.
The Coercive Acts were a series of four acts established by the British government in response to the Boston Tea Party. What were these 4 retaliations?
-Boston Port closed
-No town meetings allowed
-British officials were immune to criminal prosecution in Massachusetts
-colonists had to house and quarter British troops on demand
What is the name of the proposal that John Dickinson made at the Continental Congress? Why was it significant ?
The Olive Branch Petition
It was signed as an attempt to avoid fullout war with Britain. King George III's refusal to accept it was synonymous with war.
Explain the importance of checks and balances. Give 3 specific examples.
To avoid despotic leaders / anarchy