Plate Tectonics
What is the theory of continental drift and who proposed it?
The theory of continental drift proposes that Earth's continents were once part of a single supercontinent called Pangaea, which fragmented and drifted to their current positions over millions of years. This was thought by Alfred Wegener
Name all of the layers of Earth
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
What type of earthquakes generate tsunamis?
Underwater earthquakes
What is the difference between lava and magma?
Lava is when it's outside the volcano, magma is inside the volcano and cannot be seen
Latitude and longitude run what directions?
Latitude is horizontal
Longitude is vertical
Why did no one believe in the theory of continental drift?
Because they couldn't explain how the plates moved
What are the two layers of the mantle? Explain both layers
Lithosphere and asthenosphere
What are the three types of plate boundaries and what directions are their movements?
Convergent - Towards each other
Divergent - Away from each other
Transform - Sliding next to each other
Mid-ocean ridges form at what kind of plate boundary?
Divergent
How do topographic maps show changes in elevation?
Contour lines
What is a piece of evidence that supports the theory of continental drift?
Fossils found on different continents across oceans
Continents fit together like puzzle pieces
Paleomagnetism
Climate changes in Antarctica
Rock Sequences
Glacial evidence
What layer of the Earth has the most volume?
The mantle
Which layer of the Earth do S-waves fail to travel through, and why?
The outer core because its liquid
It does move through the asthenosphere because the asthenosphere is semi-solid
What affects how explosive a volcano is?
High silica = more explosive
Low silica = less explosive
What is the number one hazard from earthquakes? Volcaonoes?
Earthquakes = buildings falling
Volcanoes = Pyroclastic flow
The Ring of Fire is known for what?
High volcanic and earthquake activity
What is the layer of Earth that contains the tectonic plates?
Lithosphere
What plate boundary doesn't create or destroy any land?
Transform
What is the most abundant gas released by volcanoes?
Water Vapor
What is formed from a hot-spot?
Chain of volcanos (islands)
Will accept Hawaii
How do tectonic plates move?
Convection currents
How do we know the composition of the different layers?
Seismic Waves
What is the difference between magnitude and intensity?
Magnitude = energy released
Intensity= shaking and damage experienced
Explain convection currents
Hot rock deep in the mantle becomes less dense and rises toward the surface. As it rises, it cools, becomes denser, and sinks back down. This continuous cycle of rising and sinking rock is called a convection current