Introduction to the fire service and firefighter safety
Scene security
What are the control 3 zones? and describe each one.1. Hot zone- trained personnel are working to resolve the problem at the scene
2. Warm zone- immediately outside the hot zone. Directly support personnel in the hot zone
3. Cold zone- immediately surrounds the hot&warm zones. control line for the general public
how should emergency calls be received and dispatched?
collect information; type of emergency, location of the emergency, number and location of people involved, the name and location of the caller, the caller's callback number
relaying information; units assigned, type of emergency, address or location, dispatch time, current conditions, units substituted into normal assignment
what are the 3 main roof types? and what are the 3 main components that make up a roof?
flat roofs- commeical, industrial, mutlifamily residential structures. slight slope to facilitate drainage
pitched roofs- most common are those elevated in the center along a ridge line with a roof deck that slopes down to the eaves along the roof edges
arched roofs- ideal for large occupancies, unsupported by columns, pillars, or posts
roof supports- beams and truss assembeilies
roof decks- Is the portion of roof between the roof supports and roof covering
roof coverings- the part of the roof exposed to weather.
physical- occurs when a substance remains chemically the same but changes in size, shape or appearance
chemical- when a substance changes from one type of matter into another
how are life safety ropes and utility ropes different?
what advantages do synthetic ropes have over natural fibre ropes?
life safety- designed to be used only for rescue and other emergency operations. also used to raise,lower, or support firefighters during training.
utility ropes- can be used to hoist equipment, secure unstable objects, or cordon off an area
synthetic rope as more advantages; resistant to water, mildew, rotting and shrinkage, longer life span than natural fiber rope, lightweight yet very strong, easy to maintain.
natural rope- more resistant to sunlight and chars rather than melts when exposed to heat
What safety guidelines should be followed at highway/roadway incidents?
Situational awareness:
look before you move, keep an eye on moving traffic, walking facing oncoming traffic, follow department SOPs
what guidelines should be followed when receiving nonemergent calls?
always be professional and courteous when answering the phone. Answer the calls promptly, be pleasant and identify the department, station/facility, unit and yourself, be prepared to record messages (date, time, name caller, caller's telephone number, message and your name) never leave the line open or caller on hold for an extended period of time.
what are the 5 major construction classifcations?
type 1- fire resistive. provides highest level of protection from fire spread and structural collapse
type 2- noncombustible. composed of materials that will not contribute to fire development or spread.
type 3- ordinary construction. commonly found in mercantile, business, and residential structures and older schools
type 4- heavy timber. characterized by the use of large dimensional lumber or laminated wood
type 5- wood frame. the exterior load bearing walls are composed entirely of wood.
triangle- plane geometric model of an eqiulateral triangle that is used to explain the conditions/ elements needed for combustion heat, O2, fuel
tetrahedron- model of the four elements/ conditions required to have a fire. fuel, heat, oxygen, and self sustaining chemical reaction chain
when inspecting rope, what kind of damange would require that the rope be removed from service?
irregularities in shape or weave, foul smells, discolouration from chemical contamination, roughness, abrasions, deterioration
what is the overall mission of the fire service? and who determines it?
"is to save lives and to protect property and the environment from fires and other hazardous situations."
The AHJ (authority having jurisdiction) determines what services are needed to protect its citizens and establishes the fire service to meet that need.
what types of radio systems are use for internal communications?
base station radios- fixed nonmobile radio at a central location
mobile radios- mounted to fire apparatus, ambulances, and staff vehicles and are powederd by the vehicle
portable radios- hand held devices that are less powerful. powered by baterries
direct communication refers to the straight line travel of radio signals between transmitting and receiving radios
how are walls constructed?
consits of a bottom plate, top plate, vertical studs and horizontal braces sandwhiced between two surfaces made of gypsum and plaster
how does fire influence the pressure of the surrounding gases?
what is the proper method for storing rope?
store in a dry, clean, unheated area, with freely circulating air currents. must be protected from weather and sunlight, keep away from chemicals, fumes and vapors. should not be stored where gasoline is stored.
what is the role of firefighter I? Name 3.
turn off building utilities, connect pumpers to hydrants and preform hose lays for fire attack, overhaul a fire scene and converse property.
Pg 23 chapter 1
What are some limitationsthat may impact internal communications?
Distance
physial barriers
deadzones
interference
ambient noise
compare and contrast differnt types of doors
swinging- rotates by means of hinges secured to door jambs of the door way
sliding- suspended from and overhead track and uses steel or nylon rollers
folding- hung from an overhead track with rollers or gilders similar to those of a sliding door
vertical- opens in a vertical plain; overhead door
revolving- constructed with 3 or 4 sections or wings that rotate in a circular frame
contrast the three methods of heat transfer
conduction- transfer of heat through and between solids. dependent on three factors: area being heated, temperature difference between the heat source and material being heated, thermal conductivity of the heated material
convection- the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of fluid. dependent on: area being heated, temperature difference between the hot fluid and the material being heated, turbulence and velocity of moving gases
radiation- the transmission of energy as electromagnetic waves. numerous factors: nature of the exposed surfaces, distance between the heat source and the exposed surfaces, temperature of the heat source,
list a common use of each of the following knots:
1. overhand safety 2. clove hitch 3.figure-eight
4. figure eight bend
1. used when tying any form of knot
2. to attach a rope to an object such as a pole, post, or hoseline
3. used as a stopper knot, so rope won't pass through a rescue pulley or the groment of a rope bag
4. primarily on life safety rope
What should firefighters do to ensure the safety a structural fire scene?
Follow supervisor's orders and departmental SOPs, wear proper PPE, work as a team, maintain communications with team members and command, do a risk/benefit analysis for every action, employ safe and effective tactics, never operate alone or without supervision, perform an initial assessment and maintain situational awareness
what is the communication model?
sender- ther person who iniates the message
message- the content the sender is trying to communicate
reciever- individual(s) to whom the sender is attempting to communicate
feedback to sender- reaction of the receiver to the message and it's tone
interference- anything that prevents the receiver from fully understanding the message
list the differnt types of windows and their methods of operation
fixed windows- conists only of a frame and a glazed stationary sash. don't move.
double hung- as two sashes that can move past each other in vertical plane
single hung- has only one openable sash
casement- has a side hinged sash that is usually installed to swing outwards
horizontal sliding- has two or more sashes of which at least moves horizontally within a window frame
awning- has one or more top hinged, outward swinging sashes that are opened by unlathcing and pushing
jalouise- includes a large number of narrow overlapping glass sections swinging outward
how do the 4 stages of fire development differ?
incipient stage- starts with ignition when the 3 elements of the triangle come together and the combustion process begins.
growth stage- more of the initial fuel package becomes involved and the production of heat and smoke increases
fully developed stage- occurs when all combustible materials in the compartment are burning at their peak heat release rate based on available oxygen.
decay stage- As the fire consumes the available fuel/ oxygen and the heat release rate begins to decline
lsit 3 uses of ropes other than hoisting objects
rescure uses- rappelling, lifting victims and rescuers, removing victims from ice and swift water situations
to establish perimeter
search lines when in the dark, smoke-filled, or confined spaces