Chapter 1
The distribution of power in an organization (such as a government) between a central authority and the constituent
Federalism
Civil rights court case that paved the way for special education litigation.
Brown v. Board of Education
IDEA serves what ages
Birth to 21
Section 504 is found in what act?
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
The court ruled the district had to provide catheterization services for a student during school hours
Tatro v. Irving Independent School District
What are the two types of horizontal power?
Supreme (supreme court) & Limited (legislative branch can makes changes based on court's interpretation)
Law that provided funding to states if they would initiate, expand, or improve programs and projects for students with disabilities.
Education of the Handicapped Act of 1970
This IDEA principle means students with disabilities should be educated with their peers without disabilities to the maximum extent possible
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
What is the main purpose of Section 504
To prohibit discrimination against individuals with disabilities in programs/activities that receive federal funds
The court ruled against a girl who was deaf receiving a sign language interpreter.
Rowley v. Board of Education
Reviews decision of trial court, determine if their ruling was appropriate, were principles of law applied correctly?
Appellate Court
Also known as P.L. 94-142
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
This IDEA principle includes things like due process, private evaluations, notice of meetings to parents and consent
Procedural Safeguards
Identify the two major components of the disability definition associated with Section 504
1. physical or mental impairment
2. significantly limiting a major life activity
This California case ended with spanish speaking students being reassessed in their native language
Diana v. State Board of Education
The ruling of the court and the court’s reasoning for arriving at the decision.
Opinion
First introduction/emphasis on early intervention programs from birth to third birthday
The Education of the Handicapped Amendments of 1986
This 1997 amendment to IDEA says teams must decide if behavior issues are directly related to the student's disability before moving forward with punishment
Manifestation Determination
Identify an impairment that might qualify for Section 504?
diabetes, ADHD, epilepsy, cancer, asthma, etc.
In this case, the school district refused services to a then four year with multiple disabilities because they decided he would not benefit from educational services
Timothy W. v Rochester
Laws passed or enacted by Congress and state legislators
Statues (statutory law)
This law replaced the term handicap with disability and emphasized people first language
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990
This system requires schools to have a specific process to locate/identify and evaluate students who may be at-risk
Child Find
What must schools provide if a student meets qualification for Section 504
reasonable accommodations
The Supreme Court said schools must ensure that IEP is reaosnably calculated to enable appropriate progress.
Endrew v. Douglas County School District