Matter and Atoms
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Which scientist discovered negatively charged particles called electrons?
J. J. Thomson.
What is the phase change from a solid to a liquid?
Melting.
A change in the size, shape, or state of matter is called what type of change?
Physical Change
Which state of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?
A solid.
What is the smallest unit of matter?
An atom
What did Thomson's model of the atom compare electrons and positive particles to?
Raisins embedded in an oatmeal-raisin cookie.
What is the phase change from a liquid to a solid?
Freezing.
Give an example of a Physical Change
a mixed salad
Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?
A liquid
Which particle in an atom has a positive charge?
A proton
Which scientist discovered that an atom has a small, heavy, positively charged center called the nucleus?
Ernest Rutherford.
Water vapor touches a cold glass and forms liquid water droplets on the outside. What phase change occurred?
Condensation.
Give an example of a Chemical Change
frying an egg
Which state of matter has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume?
a gas or vapor
Which two particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons.
Rutherford's model showed that most of an atom is what?
Mostly empty space.
Dry ice changes directly from a solid into a gas without becoming a liquid first. What is this phase change called?
Sublimation
what is a chemical change
when matter changes into new properties with new substances.
In which state are particles packed closely together but still vibrating in place?
A solid.
An object has mass and takes up space, but you can't see it. Is it still matter? Explain.
Yes. Matter doesn't have to be visible if it has mass and takes up space, then it is matter.
Rutherford identified the positively charged particles in the nucleus, and his student James Chadwick proposed another particle in the nucleus. What were the two particles?
Protons and neutrons.
Frost forms directly on grass overnight. The water vapor in the air becomes solid ice without first becoming liquid. What phase change is happening?
Deposition
What are the physical properties (any three of the answer is ok)
Color, size, density, melting point, boiling point, solubility, magnesium, malleability
Imagine you put the same amount of water into a narrow glass and then into a wide bowl. The water changes shape but not its volume. What does this tell you about the particles in a liquid?
The particles can flow past each other, but they remain close enough together that the liquid keeps a non-moving volume.