MOA
MOA of valproic acid
inhibition of VGSC, VGCC, and GABA-transaminase synthesis
adverse effect for levetiracetam
weakness/loss of energy and somnolence (why you can't drive till your body adjusts)
monitoring for valproic acid
valproate plasma level and LFTs
BBW for valproic acid
hepatotoxicity
Two different types of valproic acid compounds
Valproic acid (Depakene) and divalproex sodium (Depakote)
MOA of ethosuximide
antagonism of T-type calcium channels of thalamic neurons
adverse effects of ethosuximide
gum hypertrophy/tongue swelling
monitoring for lamotrigine
S/S of skin rash
BBW for carbamazepine
aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis and SJS/TENS
Tx options for absence seizures
valproic acid and ethosuximide
MOA of lamotrigine
inhibition of VGSC, reducing neuronal firing via glutamate and aspartate
side effects of topiramate
anorexia and weight loss
monitoring for phenobarbital
S/S of respiratory depression
BBW for phenytoin
hypotension/cardiac arrhythmias
what should you avoid use of with phenytoin
other CNS depressants
MOA of phenobarbital
GABA agonist that is stronger than benzos due to binding to beta subunit of the GABA receptor
drug interaction for carbamazepine
it is an auto-inducer (CYP3A4)
monitoring/drug interactions for benzos (specifically lorazepam)
must reduce dose by 50% when taken with valproate
BBW of lamotrigine
SJS/TENS
what drug does topiramate decrease effectiveness of
oral contraceptives
MOA of levetiracetam
possible inhibition and/or stabilization of SV2A to restore homeostasis
adverse effects of phenytoin
nystagmus, somnolence, confusion, ataxia and slurred speech
monitoring for topiramate
blood ammonia
warnings with valproic acid
pregnancy category D/X
warning for phenytoin
hepatotoxicity