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Definitions
Epidemiology/Etiology
Seizure Classification
Pharmacotherapy
Miscellaneous
100
The clinical manifestation of an abnormal and excessive excitation and synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
What is a seizure?
100
2.3 million
What is the number of US residents diagnosed with epilepsy?
100
Seizure begins in one brain hemisphere with or without LOC
What is a partial (focal) seizure?
100
First line agent for partial and GTC seizures; CYP3A4 inducer and substrate; leukopenia is a common ADR
What is carbamazepine?
100
Anti-seizure effect of beta hydroxybutyrate; effective therapy beneficial in children
What is the ketogenic diet?
200
Two or more recurrent, unprovoked seizures.
What is epilepsy?
200
100,000 to 152,000 cases/year in the United States
What is the number of cases of status epilepticus in the US per year?
200
Staring or eye fluttering, loss of awareness, lip smacking, postictal amnesia
What is an absence seizure?
200
Monotherapy for partial seizures, alternative for absence seizures, adjunct therapy for GTC.
What is indications for lamotrigine seizure therapy?
200
Non-pharmacologic stimulation therapy FDA approved for partial onset seizures; may improve mood and AED reduction
What is vagus nerve stimulator?
300
1) Control &/or eliminate seizures as early as possible 2) No adverse effects 3) Optimize QOL
What is goals for seizure pharmacotherapy?
300
Stroke, Brain tumor, acute metabolic disturbances
What is seizure causes in older adults?
300
Commonly presents as tonic-clonic Induced by photosensitivity
What is reflex epilepsy?
300
Nystagmus, sedation, blurred vision, cognitive impairment, slurred speech
What is signs and symptoms of phenytoin toxicity?
300
Valproate, Phenytoin, Tiagabine, Carbamazepine
What is highly protein bound AEDs?
400
Seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes Or 2+ seizures without regaining consciousness Medical emergency
What is status epilepticus?
400
5%-10% of all epilepsies Myoclonic precedes GTC upon awakening Precipitated by decreased sleep, fatigue, and alcohol use
What is Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (Janz Syndrome)?
400
Presents as rhythmic, repetitive, jerking muscle movements
What is clonic seizure presentation?
400
Midazolam
What is IM DOC for SE?
400
Levetiracetam, Gabapentin, Pregabalin
What is drugs without interactions?
500
Seizure freedom >/= 2 years Normal neuro exam Normal IQ Normal EEG w/tx Single seizure type
What is the AAN criteria for AED withdrawal?
500
Complex focal seizure spreads to other hemispheres
What is secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures?
500
Complex partial seizures with automatism, simple partial seizures with auras, incompletely controlled with AEDs, psychiatric disorders common.
What is temporal lobe epilepsy?
500
1) Lorazepam 2) Fosphenytoin 3) Lorazepam with fosphenytoin 4) Phenobarbital
What is treatment protocol for SE?
500
1) uncontrolled seizures w/large doses 2) seizure recurrence 3) compliance 4) dosage changes
What is reasons to perform therapeutic drug monitoring?