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The four components of self-concept
How we develop a self-concept
How important is your self-concept
How do we change a self-concept
What are the cultural influences on self-concept and how gender influences self-concept
100
Self-image, self-esteem (or self-regard), ideal-self, and self-efficacy.
What are the four components of self-concept?
100
It is generally believed that awareness of "this" develops from early experience.
How does awareness of "the self" develop?
100
People that have these characteristics have this type of esteem. -Likely to think well of others -Expect to be accepted by others -Evaluate their own performance more favourably than people with low self-esteem
What is High self-esteem?
100
This can be improved through identifying the causes of low self-esteem and the domains of competence important to the self.
How can self-esteem be improved?
100
Cultural influences Includes: -Self is separate, unique individual; should be independent, self-sufficient -Individual should take themselves and immediate family -Reward for individual achievement and initiative; individual decisions encouraged; individual credit and blame assigned
What is Individualistic cultures?
200
It is the sort of person we think we are. Typically produces two main categories of answers relating to social roles and personality traits. It also includes body image.
What is Self-image?
200
This refers to those aspects of a person's self-image that depend upon the social categories and groups to which he or she belongs.
What is Social Identity?
200
People that have these characteristics have this type of esteem. -Likely to disapprove of others -expect to be rejected by others -evaluate their own performance less favourably than people with high self-esteem.
What is Low self-esteem?
200
When people have emotional support and social approval, including both adult and peer approval they feel this self-esteem.
What is highest Self-esteem?
200
Cultural influences Includes: -People belong to extended families or in-groups; "we" or group orientation -People should take care of extended family before Self -Emphasis on belonging to a very few permanent in-groups which have a strong influence over the person -High value on duty, order, tradition, age, group security, status and hierarchy
What is Collectivist cultures?
300
Is the kind of person you would like to be.
What is the Ideal-self?
300
This is the process whereby each of us develops a self-concept that matches the way we believe others see us.
What is Reflected appraisal?
300
People that have these characteristics have this type of esteem. -perform well while being watched -not afraid of the reactions of others -work harder for people who demand high standards of performance
What is High self-esteem?
300
This is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about or perceives themselves, how we think about and evaluate ourselves, to be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself. "The individual's belief about himself or herself, including the person's attributes and who and what the self is". Thought to have three primary aspects: -The Cognitive Self -The Affective Self -The Executive Self
What is Self-concept?
300
Refers to the presence of desirable masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person.
What is Androgyny?
400
Also one's expectations of success in a given situation, is an important determinant of whether one will attempt to make changes in one's environment.
What is Self-efficacy?
400
Self-concept or identity is shaped partly by self-actualizing tendencies and partly by others' evaluations. In this way, people come to like what they are "supposed" to like and to behave as they are "supposed" to behave.
How is self-concept or identity shaped?
400
People that have these characteristics have this type of esteem. -Are inclined to feel comfortable with others they view as superior in some way -are able to defend themselves against negative comments of others
What is High self-esteem?
400
A person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what actually happens in life and experiences of the person. Hence, a difference may exist between a person’s ideal self and actual experience.
What is incongruence?
400
This person might be assertive (masculine) and nurturant (feminine)
What is The androgynous male?
500
Is essentially evaluative. Is the extent to which we like or approve of ourselves, and how worthwhile we think we are.
What is Self-esteem?
500
This Theory suggests that people become aware of their own attitudes, feelings, values, dispositions and other internal characteristics in the same way that they form impressions of the characteristics of others - through observation of their own behaviour.
What is Self-perception Theory?
500
People that have these characteristics have this type of esteem. -perform poorly when being watched and are sensitive to possible negative reaction -work harder for undemanding, less-critical people -feel threatened by people they view as superior in some way -have difficulty defending themselves against other people's negative comments -Are More Easily Influenced
What is Low self-esteem?
500
The information that an individual draws upon when finding an answer to the question "What am I like?".
What is Self-knowledge?
500
This person might be powerful (masculine) and sensitive to the feelings of others (feminine).
What is The androgynous female?