Political
The massive forced migration shown in the trans-Atlantic slave trade map most directly contributed to this Caribbean revolution.
What is the Haitian Revolution?
This crop, a staple of Mesoamerican civilizations, formed the foundation of societies like the Maya and Aztec.
What is maize?
These travelers crossing the Sahara—not soldiers or officials—were most responsible for first spreading Islam into West Africa.
Who were merchants on the trans-Saharan trade routes?
The Mongol Empire increased trade along these famous routes by unifying a large territory with roads and postal stations.
What are the Silk Roads?
This term describes gender systems in which women are viewed as inferior and needing male protection.
What is patriarchy?
Both the Inca and Aztec built empires primarily through this means.
What is military conquest?
This early-ripening rice variety from Vietnam increased food production in eleventh-century China and illustrates how technological innovation can transform agriculture.
What is Champa rice?
Unlike the Ottomans, the Mughal Empire ruled a population that was mostly non-adherent to this religion.
What is Islam?
African elites participated in the slave trade partly due to their desire for this type of European good.
What are weapons?
Dara Shikoh praised the Upanishads for expressing this Hindu concept of an ultimate universal principle aligned with monotheism.
What is Brahman?
Around 1000–1300, China maintained a single centralized empire, while this region remained divided into multiple monarchies.
What is western Europe?
William Adams’ voyage to Japan was made possible by European innovations in this field.
What are ship design and navigation?
Jesuits entered China partly because the Catholic Church sought new converts after losing followers during this religious movement.
What is the Protestant Reformation?
Brazil’s rapidly growing African population resulted largely from global demand for this cash crop.
What is sugar?
Urban growth across Afro-Eurasia from 800–1350 was driven most by this increase in long-distance interaction.
What is the rise of interregional commerce? (Trade)
The Mongol conquests directly caused the collapse of several states, including this major Chinese dynasty.
What was the Song dynasty?
A historian would find the 13th-century illustration of pilgrims traveling to Mecca most useful for studying these technologies.
What are transportation and maritime technologies?
A Mughal mosque built by Akbar offers an architectural example of this blending of cultural traditions.
What is cultural syncretism?
"If a man manages to obtain wealth, he would rather bury it in the ground and continue to appear poor, than risk being dispossessed by the state.”
François Bernier criticized this Mughal administrative practice, arguing that it discouraged economic growth.
What is tax farming?
Mass burials in cities like Tournai were common because the plague spread mainly along these routes.
What are trade routes?
English, French, and Dutch voyages in the 16th–17th centuries were driven by economic competition with these two Iberian empires.
Who are Spain and Portugal?
This improvement in maritime technology—used by merchants and explorers in the Indian Ocean and beyond—enabled more precise long-distance navigation and helped expand interregional trade networks under the Mongol and post-Mongol eras.
What is the use of the compass?
The Mongol Empire fragmented into khanates largely because of this tradition emphasizing tribal loyalties, which led to civil wars.
What are Mongol tribal and personal loyalties?
When peasants hid wealth to avoid taxes in Mughal India, they were resisting this state function.
What is revenue collection?
A court dispute in Mexico between creole, mestizo, and mulatto brotherhood members illustrates the formation of these new identities under colonial rule.
What are caste-based social hierarchies?