miscellaneous
why does semantic change occur ?
Semantic change occurs because of the laziness of human nature, words conjoin with dual meanings and some are lost due to their diminishing popularity.
semantic restriction
anything that shows semantic restriction
when a definition becomes more detailed or exact
semantic restriction
'Documentary film and feature film have both been reduced by truncation of the head noun film' is an example of
truncation
shift in markedness
anything that shows a shift in markedness (normalization)
Give 5 examples of why semantic change might occur
laziness, trade and migration, mistranslation, huge events, social norms, sociocultural and economic status, technology and new inventions, culture and or religion induced salience of a topic, reappropriation, etc.
semantic amelioration
anything that shows semantic amelioration
when a definition broadens its 'range'
semantic expansion
'Old English had two verbs lætan ‘allow’ and lettan ‘obstruct, hinder’, but eventually became homophonous and only the meaning ‘allow’ survived' is
meaning loss through homophony
truncation
anything that goes through truncation (loss)
what tools can you use to identify semantic change?
n-gram, tracking, clustering, event extraction, TOT
semantic expansion
anything that shows semantic expansion
improvement in definition
semantic amelioration
'The Latin morpheme min- ‘little’ is seen in the words minimum and miniature, which turned into mini- as the morpheme meaning ‘small’ which has become general in English, minibar, minicomputer, miniskirt.' is an example of
reanalysis
reanalysis
anything that goes through reanalysis (reanalyze)
define semantic change
the change in a word and it's definition
semantic deterioration
anything that shows semantic deterioration
Disapproval of a definition, leading to its change
semantic deterioration
'Originally a jet was a special type of aeroplane, but now it is the normal term, unspecific.' is caused by
shift in markedness
rise of metaphorical usage
anything that shows the rise of metaphorical usage (from literal to interpretational meaning)
how do the semantic change tracking devices/methods work?
Describe it (can choose more than one)
choose 2/4
anything that corresponds with the two types chosen
list all four and their definitions
SEMANTIC EXPANSION is when a word increases its ‘range’ of meaning over time.
SEMANTIC RESTRICTION - (opposite to expansion) when a word’s definition becomes more detailed, or exact
SEMANTIC DETERIORATION- Disapproval in the meaning of a word.
SEMANTIC AMELIORATION- When a word ‘improves/betters’ its definition.
' The phrase ahead of someone means literally ‘in front of someone’, but now has the meaning of ‘more advanced/ahead.’ ' is an example of
meaning loss through homophony
anything that shows change through the meaning loss of homophony (conjoining/losing)