The most predominant type of first words (nearly 65%)
What are nominals?
100
The words we understand and comprehend
What is Receptive Vocabulary?
100
The age children understand their first words
What is 9 to 10 months?
100
When a child sees a mug and hears mug, they map the label to the whole mug, not just the handle
What is the whole-object assumption?
100
This logical process proposed by Quine asks how children figure out how to attach a word meaning to an infinite number of referents present in the environment
What is the mapping problem?
200
"Uhoh," "thankyou," and "nightnight" are all examples of this type of first words
What are personal-social words?
200
The words we use/say
What is Expressive Vocabulary?
200
The age a child produces their first words
What is 12 months?
200
Different words refer to different kinds of things
What is the mutual exclusivity assumption?
200
The process of isolating the word in the continuous speech stream
What is speech segmentation?
300
When a child at the one word stage uses an overly inclusive definition of a word
What is overextension?
300
The study of linguistic meaning
What are semantics?
300
The age a child understands/comprehends about 50 words
What is 12 to 13 months?
300
Different words have different meanings, but could apply to the same referent (e.g., dog, animal, canine, German Shepard)
What is the principle of contrast?
300
Figuring out what else a word can refer to besides the original referent
What is word extension?
400
When a child at the one word stage uses an overly narrow definition of a word
What is underextension?
400
The use of speech that has shorter utterances, more word redundancy, increased stress on target words, increased pitch, and exaggerated intonation
What is infant-directed speech?
400
The age a child produces about 50 words
What is 18 months?
400
Meanings of words are determined by society
What is the principle of conventionality?
400
The sound sequence of a word mapped to its referent and stored in memory
What is the phonological representation (or word form encoding)?
500
This style of learner has an vocabulary that includes more social/personal words than the referential learner's vocabulary
What are expressive children?
500
An increase in the rate at which children acquire new words (roughly at 50 words or 18 months of age)
What is the word spurt?
500
The frequency and diversity of this type of speech at 16 months impacts vocabulary size at 24 months
What is child-directed speech?
500
The proposal that knowledge of language structure is generally useful for learning new words (especially verbs)
What is the syntactic bootstrapping hypothesis?
500
The assumption that words refer to things that are of the same kind