Semantic Memory
This type of memory stores organized knowledge about the world, including facts and concepts.
What is semantic memory?
A set of objects or ideas that belong together.
What is a category?
In this approach, people classify objects based on how similar they are to the most typical example.
What is the prototype approach?
This approach suggests that people classify items by comparing them with stored examples in memory.
What is the exemplar approach?
General knowledge about a situation, person, or event that helps guide expectations.
What is a schema?
This type of memory stores personal life experiences rather than general knowledge.
What is episodic memory?
A mental representation of a category.
What is a concept?
The most typical or representative member of a category.
What is a prototype?
These are specific examples of category members stored in memory.
What are exemplars?
A schema for routine sequences of events in daily life.
What is a script?
This type of knowledge includes language knowledge and vocabulary.
What is lexical knowledge?
This approach suggests that knowledge depends on the environment or context surrounding us.
What is the situated cognition approach?
Example: A robin being judged as a better bird example than a penguin demonstrates this effect.
What is the typicality effect?
The exemplar approach differs from the prototype approach because it stores this type of information.
What are multiple specific examples instead of one average example?
Schemas help people do this when entering a new situation.
What is predict what will happen?