Para-linguistic Features
Involves the use of body language, gestures, facial expression, tone, speed, and pitch of voice
Paralinguistic Features
Strategies intended to minimize the threat to the hearer's self-esteem.
Positive Politeness
Used when greeting people to start a conversation
Phatic Conversation
To soften requests and to maintain engagement between the speakers
Vague Expressions
Relates to the emotion that comes with speech. Can tell the emotion by the expression they use while speaking.
Tone
Image a person has of themselves in a conversation
Conversational Face
Used for emphasis in a conversation
Repetition
words or phrases that mark boundaries between one conversation and another where the author wants to change the subject
Discourse markers
The loudness or softness in voice production.
Volume
Principles adopted in a conversation.
Grice's Maxims
Linked to lack of fluency in a conversation. Can border rudeness depending on the context
Overlaps and Interruptions
Routine and patterned expressions
Fixed Expressions
Level of voice production, whether high or low.
Pitch
Acts or words which appear to threaten the self-esteem of a speaker in a conversation.
Face-threatening acts
Use of will when certainty is known
High modality
When the speaker has trouble phrasing utterances clearly.
Non-standard Forms of English
The pace of the person speaking in a conversation whether fast or slow. Depends on the circumstance.
Speed
Usually mean what they say and the hears accept as they try to work out the meaning.
Cooperative Principle
language that talks about language and has been shown at times through the use of false starts
Meta-language
Words which locate the conversation in a particular space or context
Deixis