Birth of American Empire (Year 11)
Define the Big Stick Policy.
Roosevelt Corollary - US will intervene in Latin American using force to protect US interests
Explain the purpose and impact of the purges.
Purpose = maintain single-party rule, terrorize opposition; impact = lack of safety, fear pervaded population, depletion of capable leaders
Explain two causes of Japanese expansion.
Ultranationalism/Japanese racial superiority; Great Depression; zaibatsu control of government & class inequality; militarism
Define Nazism
Nationalist German ideology seeking to undo ToV, reclaim German territory & lebensraum using military force, unite Germans (pan-Germanism), eliminate inferior races (Aryan >), & fascist - individual submission to state
The invasion of which country started WWII in Europe and when?
List 3 causes of the Spanish American War.
Yellow journalism, humanitarian concerns (General Weyler), economic interests (sugar & tobacco), USS Maine sinking
Define collectivization.
Organizing individual farms into large collectives where peasants all worked one farm run by government
How did the LoN respond to the Manchurian Crisis?
Commission investigated --> Lytton Report said Japan should leave Manchuria
What was the Phoney War?
Period of WWII Sept. 1939-Jun. 1940 after invasion of Poland before significant fighting
Which event caused the US to join WWII and when?
Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7 1941)
Explain one Latin American intervention, including the policy used/president.
Big Stick, Dollar or Moral Diplomacy (Roosevelt, Taft, or Wilson)
List three factors leading to the emergence of the USSR.
Tsar Nicholas II = weak leader; devastation of WWI; lack of industrialization -> poor economy; starvation; class inequality; lower classes excluded from politics; Bloody Sunday; failure of October Manifesto
Explain the significance of Manchuria to Japan.
Geographically close & rich in resources (industry, minerals) -> first target for expansion
Describe the Abyssinian Crisis.
Italy invaded Abyssinia 1936 after Wal-Wal Incident to restore Roman Empire; LoN only passed economic sanctions & not oil embargo or Suez Canal restrictions - no significant response
The planned invasion of Russia was called what?
Operation Barbarossa
List 4 reasons for US expansion.
Monroe Doctrine, Social Darwinism, religion, Manifest Destiny, glut thesis, frontier thesis, economic depression, overpopulation, preclusive imperialism, Mahan's naval strategy, etc.
Describe 3 of Stalin's domestic policies.
5-year plans/industrialization; collectivization of agriculture; repression of religion; compulsory education; Socialist Realism; censorship; Stalin-worship/cult of personality/komsomol; Great Retreat of women's liberalization -> family focus
What were the zaibatsu and what is their significance?
Zaibatsu = families with monopolies, often held disproportionate seats in Diet. Symbol of economic inequality and concentration of wealth & power among the few, driving militarism among lower classes to improve economy
How did collective security end in Europe?
Abyssinian Crisis showed LoN was useless & only served Britain & France, which were unable/unwilling to interfere in aggression. Same with Manchurian Crisis in Japan. Continued with Hitler (Austria & Czechoslovakia)
List two major battles of WWII and their outcomes.
Battles of: Stalingrad, of the Bulge, D-Day invasion, Britain, Kursk, Okinawa
Explain the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1898).
Spain ceded Puerto Rico & Guam to US; US bought Philippines for $15 mil; Cuba gained independence
Explain the left vs. right split in the Politburo over the NEP.
NEP= New Economic Policy under Lenin to liberalize economy. Left = Trotsky, want to abolish NEP & return to command economy. Right = Stalin, keep NEP because less disruptive
Explain the Japanese reasoning behind the attack at Pearl Harbor.
Describe the international response to German aggression 1933-38.
Appeasement - no response to remilitarization of Rhineland or rearmament. Anschluss allowed because Austria mostly German, was 'legal.' Munich Agreement allowed Sudetenland takeover (later all of Czechoslovakia). Hoping Hitler would be satisfied & stop expanding.
What decisions were made at the Yalta conference?
Establish UN; split Germany into 4 zones; USSR gets E. Poland; secret agreement for USSR to join war in Pacific in return for territory in Asia