Perspectives of Psych
This perspective emphasizes unconscious drives and early childhood experiences.
What is the psychodynamic perspective?
This study type follows the same participants over a long period of time.
What is a longitudinal study?
This part of the brain is responsible for regulating emotions, hunger, and memory.
What is the limbic system?
These photoreceptor cells in the retina are sensitive to light and color.
What are rods and cones?
This refers to a state of deep relaxation and focused awareness often used for stress reduction.
What is meditation?
This type of memory is responsible for remembering how to ride a bike.
What is procedural memory?
This type of conditioning pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response.
What is classical conditioning?
This altered state of consciousness is associated with slowed brain waves, increased suggestibility, and relaxation.
What is hypnosis?
This branch of research aims to solve practical problems rather than expanding theoretical knowledge.
What is applied research?
This type of observation takes place in a subject's natural environment without interference.
What is naturalistic observation?
This part of the body includes the brain and the spinal cord.
What is the central nervous system?
This visual phenomenon occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
What is the blind spot?
These types of drugs speed up central nervous system activity.
What are stimulants?
This is a vivid, detailed memory of an emotionally significant event.
What is a flashbulb memory?
In classical conditioning, this is the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is the conditioned response?
This type of conditioning occurs when behavior is shaped by consequences such as rewards or punishments.
What is operant conditioning?
This perspective focuses on how culture and social environment influence behavior.
What is the sociocultural perspective?
A variable that is manipulated to observe its effects on another variable.
What is an independent variable?
These cells transmit information through electrical and chemical signals in the body.
What are nerve cells (neurons)?
These depth cues require the use of both eyes.
What are binocular cues?
The transition between light sleep and deep sleep is part of this natural cycle.
What is the sleep cycle?
Forgetting older information due to interference from newly learned information.
What is retroactive interference?
The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond only to the conditioned one.
What is discrimination?
This brain imaging technique tracks blood flow and shows real-time brain activity.
What is an fMRI?
This psychological perspective focuses on observable actions rather than inner mental processes.
What is the behavioral perspective?
A study method where neither participants nor researchers know who is in the control group.
What is a double-blind study?
The inability to hear due to damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.
What is sensorineural deafness?
This term refers to reduced sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time.
What is sensory adaptation?
This state of consciousness is altered through substances like LSD and psilocybin.
What are hallucinogenic states?
This curve demonstrates the rate at which information is forgotten over time.
What is the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve?
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
This famous psychologist studied classical conditioning with dogs and salivation.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
This perspective says our behavior is strongly influenced by the brain’s structure and neurotransmitters.
What is the biological perspective?
Repeating a study to ensure consistent results across different contexts and participants.
What is replication?
This lobe of the brain processes visual information.
What is the occipital lobe?
This term refers to the ability to perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in sensory input, such as size, shape, and color.
What is perceptual constancy?
These drugs slow brain activity and are often used to treat anxiety or insomnia.
What are depressants?
Retrieval of information is enhanced when the context of learning matches the context of recall.
What is context-dependent memory?
Gradual exposure to a feared stimulus as part of a therapy technique.
What is systematic desensitization?
This structure in the eye controls the amount of light entering by adjusting its size.
What is the pupil?
This perspective highlights human potential, self-actualization, and personal growth.
What is the humanistic perspective?
This method shows cause-and-effect by manipulating a variable while controlling others.
What is an experiment?
This neuron part receives incoming signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
This theory explains color vision through combinations of red, green, and blue receptors.
What is the trichromatic theory?
This sleep disorder involves sudden attacks of overwhelming daytime sleepiness.
What is narcolepsy?
This part of the brain is essential for forming new explicit memories.
What is the hippocampus?
Increasing a behavior by adding a desirable stimulus.
What is positive reinforcement?
This phenomenon explains why we remember items at the end of a list better than the middle.
What is the recency effect?
This perspective examines how natural selection influences psychological traits.
What is the evolutionary perspective?
The variable the experimenter manipulates.
What is the independent variable?
This division of the autonomic nervous system triggers “fight or flight.”
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
This perceptual concept allows us to see an object as the same size despite changes in distance.
What is size constancy?
This sleep disorder is characterized by difficulty breathing during sleep, often causing frequent awakenings.
What is sleep apnea?
The tendency to more easily recall items at the beginning of a list.
What is the primacy effect?
This occurs when a learned response is no longer reinforced and fades over time.
What is extinction?
This type of research uses controlled settings to explore cause-and-effect relationships.
What is experimental research?
This perspective focuses on how people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
What is the cognitive perspective?
This research method measures the relationship between two variables but cannot determine causation.
What is a correlational study?
This long fiber of a neuron carries electrical impulses away from the cell body.
What is the axon?
According to this law, the just noticeable difference between two stimuli is proportional to the size of the original stimulus.
What is Weber’s Law?
This term refers to a physiological need for a drug, marked by withdrawal symptoms when use is stopped.
What is physical dependence?
This type of forgetting occurs when old information makes it hard to learn new information.
What is proactive interference?
In classical conditioning, this occurs when a conditioned response reappears after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
What is spontaneous recovery?
This brain structure regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, and is involved in maintaining homeostasis.
What is the hypothalamus?