Properties of Matter
What tools and units are used to measure:
Length
Mass
Volume
Length - Ruler/meter stick, cm or m
Mass - Balance, g or kg
Volume - Graduated cylinder, L or mL
What type of element is Potassium?
Metal
The three subatomic particles and their charge
Protons (+), Electrons (-), Neutrons (0)
What two factors affect coulombic attraction between protons and electrons?
Distance, and number of protons
The first thing you should do if: there's a spill/broken glass/fire/mistake during a lab
What are characteristics of solids, liquids and gasses?
Solids - particles are close, definite shape/volume
Liquids - particles are more spaced out, no definite shape, definite volume
Gasses - particles are far apart, no definite shape or volume
What are some properties of nonmetals?
brittle, dull, non-conductive, many are gasses at room temp
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
Isotopes
How many valence electrons does Phosphorous have?
5
What are two of Ms Hosek's favorite animals?
Sharks, octopuses, whales, elephants
Is the following a chemical or physical change? How do you know?
Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) dissolves in water (H2O) to form magnesium chloride solution (MgCl2 & H2O)
Physical. No bonds were broken (chemical formulas did not change) and dissolving is fairly easily reversible
Element, Compound, or Mixture (and explain)
caffeine, C8H10N4O2
compound - multiple types of atoms of atoms bonded together
What information is in an atomic symbol?
bc Ad
bc Ad. A -Element Symbol
B - Atomic Number (p)
C - Mass Number (p + n)
D - Charge (p & e)
Identify this element:
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p1
Gallium (Ga)
Describe the grading/retake policy of chemistry
20% formative (HW, some projects)
80% summative (quizzes, some projects)
You can retake a quiz if you've completed the homework and demonstrated re-learning
What are four indications that a chemical change has occurred?
Production of a gas (bubbles) or light, change in color, smell, temperature, formation of a precipitate
Element, Compound, or Mixture (and explain)
bronze, Cu & Sn
Mixture. Copper and Tin are not chemically bonded, but mixed to form the alloy bronze
What is the charge of the following atom:
Atomic Number - 18
Neutrons - 20
Mass Number - 38
Electrons - 17
+1 (18 p+, 17 e-)
Why does atomic radius decrease as you go across a period?
More protons = more coulombic attraction = tighter pull
Name and describe 4 pieces of safety equipment in this classroom
(answers may vary)
If a substance has a density of 0.5 g/mL and a mass of 20 g, what is its volume?
40 mL
D = M/V
What is happening on a molecular level during a chemical change?
chemical bonds are breaking/forming between atoms
What is the difference of mass number and average atomic mass?
mass number: p + n (refers to a specific atom)
average atomic mass: average mass of atoms based on the the relative abundance of the isotope (number on the periodic table)
What are three types of nuclear radiation/decay?
Alpha, beta and gamma
What is ionization energy, and why does it increase as you go down a group?
The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom (forming an ion). As you go down a group, the Ie decreases because the valence electrons are far from the nucleus