Unit 1 : Ecosystem
Decrease oxygen levels in the water
List the layers of the atmosphere in order
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
If a countries doubling time is 37 years, what is its growth rate?
70/37= 1.89% Growth rate
What are the main problems(3) associated with coal mining and burning?
What are the four characteristics of a house to have efficient passive solar heating
1. Orientation
2.Over hang
3.Thermal mass/ insulation
4. double or triple pane windows
What are the five steps of the nitrogen cycle in order
Nitrogen fixation, Nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, denitrification
What is El Nino? (In APES)
Droughts in Australia and Indonesia, A weakening of trade winds, Excessive rain in the SW US, droughts in NW US
What are the stages of succession?
Pioneer species, annual plants, perianal plants, Shrubs, Sun tolerance, shade tolerant, climax
Uranium u-235 has a half-life of 700 million years What fraction of the parent material will remain after 2800 million years?
1/16
What are the main types of renewable energy and list them from least efficient to most efficient in terms of land needed.
Biomass, Hydro, Solar, Wind, Biomass
What are the three main ways human affect the Nitrogen cycle?
Creation of Fertilizers
combustion of FF
Deforestation
Describe Three major characteristics for each of the following organisms: (Microscopic in size is not one)
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Benthic Organisms
Phytoplankton: found on top of water, does photosynthesis, cannot move
Zoo plankton: found in the middle of the water where sunlight can still penetrate, eats phytoplankton, can move
Benthic Organisms: Found at the bottom of the ocean, does not need sunlight, scavenges for food, can move
What are the characteristics (7) for extreme K vs Extreme R strategist?
K: Long life spans, small number of offspring, late loss, provides care to children, large in size, S curve, controlled by density dependent factors
R: Short life spans, many off springs, early loss, no childcare, small in size, J curve, controlled by density independent factors.
What are three ways of extracting oil and what are the methods used in each one
Secondary: adding a well and addition of water to pressurize the oil to come out on top of the oil
Tertiary: Adding a well and Fracking fluid containing chemicals and sand to break rock and push the oil upwards
which countries generates the highest percentage of their electricity with each type of renewable type listed below
Hydro (general), Geothermal, Tidal,
Hydro: Norway
Geothermal: Iceland
Tidal: South Korea
Name each type of organism relationship (five main). And explain what each of them are
Symbiosis- A close long-term relationship between organisms
Mutualism- both organisms are benefited from their relationship
Ectoparasites- one organism lives off of another organism but on the outside of host
Endoparasites-One organism lives off of another organism but on the inside of the host
Commensalism- One is benefited, other is not helped or hurt
Name all the major Biomes we covered (Nine)
Tundra, Boreal Forest, Temperate Rainforest, Temperate seasonal forest, Woodland/Shrubland, Temperate grassland/ cold desert, Tropical rainforest, Tropical seasonal Forest, Subtropical Desert
Draw a histogram for stable growth, slow growth, and rapid growth, and associate a country to each of these graphs.
*this thing will not let me draw pictures*:(
2.What percent of total world energy comes from Fossil Fuels?
3.About 60% of the worlds proven coal reserve are found in what countries (3)?
1. Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, and Canada
2.80%
3. U.S, Australia, and Russia
Explain how PV panels work (5 steps)
1. Photovoice energy excites Electron in the Negative side
2. Electron leaves hole and goes into a circuit
3. Circuit goes through a battery where electricity is collected
4. Electron goes back into a Hole on the Positive side
5. Electrons travel through the junction back to the negative side to be excited again
What are the four services the ecosystem provides, and give a brief description of each
Provisioning: goods provided by the ecosystem
Regulating: Regulation of systems done by the environment
Cultural services: Nonmaterial things the ecosystems provide to human wellbeing
Supporting services: Services that need to happen to support and allow all other services to happen (think broader than regulation)
What are the seven benefits of wetlands?
Filtration of toxins and pollution, Prevention of erosion, reduce flooding, Reduce damage by absorbing waves, Rest spots for migratory birds, Habitats for aquatic species, Nursery site for young
Then Identify two things for each transition that causes a country to move up on the scale
Stage 1: High BR, High DR, Low GR,
Stage 2: High BR, Lowering DR, GR Increasing
Stage 3: Lowering BR, Low DR, GR high
Stage 4: Low BR, Constant low DR, Lowering GR
1-->2: addition of sanitation, and clean cooking practices
2-->3: addition of infrastructure and support for women
3-->4: Cultural change, tec change, governmental policy change
Name the Nine steps of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Mining& milling, Conversion, Enrichment, Fuel Fabrication, Nuclear Power station, Storage, Reprocessing, Vitrification, Final disposal
What are the 4 steps to generating Wind energy?
1. Wind turns the turbine blade
2. A gear box transfers mechanical energy to a generator
3. A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical electricity
4. Electricity is transferred to the grid