America & The Constitution
Name 3 ideals of the Enlightenment
Fraternity, Independence, Tolerance, Logic/Reason, Separation of Church & State, Liberty, etc
War, poverty, famine, and/or religious and political persecution would encourage someone to leave their country. This is known as?
A push factor
Rothstein argues much of the segregation that has occurred in every metropolitan area in the country was imposed by racially explicit federal, state, and local policy. This is known as?
De jure segregation
The perception that Americans are superior to other nations marked by a distinct set of ideas (virtues) such as equality, self-rule, freedom and limited government.
American Exceptionalism
A philosophical movement that dominated the West during the 1700s. This ushered in and promoted the concept of separating church and state.
Enlightenment
This philosopher believed that the social contract of government was entirely contingent on the government fulfilling its responsibility to the governed — failure to do so was clear grounds for a dissolution of the contract.
John Locke
This nativist group was established as a political opposition to the growing numbers of Irish Catholic immigrants in the United States.
The Know-Nothing Party
The commitment to provide everyone with a fair chance to develop their own talents to the fullest is a central tenet of the American creed. This is known as?
Equality of opportunity
How does the "immigrants paradigm" promote American Exceptionalism?
It fails to recognize the fact that many migrants returned to their countries of origin, thus reinforcing the stereotype of the United States as “a melting pot”.
This was created to assure the Supreme Court had a proper and meaningful role in the checks and balances system by determining if a law contradicts or violates the provisions of existing law or the Constitution.
Judicial Review
Why would one oppose "originalist" perspectives of the Constitution?
1. The approach forces one to rely on archaic views and social norms from hundreds of years ago.
2. This approach may not reflect the current values of our society.
3. This approach is limiting
Universal healthcare, high wages, and free K-12 education would all encourage someone to emigrate to another nation. What is this known as?
Pull factors
Many argue that the racial segregation of our neighborhoods has long been viewed as a manifestation of personal choice.
De facto segregation
This occurs when political institutions, social networks, or governments are embedded with bias that provides advantages to some members and marginalizes others.
BONUS 100 pts: Provide an example.
Systemic inequality
Bonus: Racism, Sexism, Ableism
Presidential elects suggested an annual charge on the 75,000 wealthiest families in the US in order to rebalance the distribution of wealth to fund social programs. This is known as?
The Wealth Tax
The Constitution includes many vague terminologies that can and should be adapted to contemporary realities. Interpreters of this perspective of the Constitution view it as?
“All persons born or naturalized in the US, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the US and of the State wherein they reside.” Thus, some argue that foreign women are engaging in “birth tourism". Which amendment supports this?
The 14th Amendment
This tactic was utilized by financial institutions in order to evaluate neighborhoods and determine the risk of investing.
Redlining
Why were the Irish seen as a threat to American Democracy?
The Know-Nothings argued that Irish immigrants threatened the strength of American democracy because their Catholic faith made them loyal only to the pope.
This system of government provides power shared between the federal / national, state, and local governments via the Constitution.
Federalism
This philosopher viewed the “social contract” between people and their government as a permanent arrangement necessary to rescue mankind from its inherently evil impulses.
Thomas Hobbes
Based in nationalism and xenophobia, this was the first law in United States history to broadly restrict immigration based on national origin.
The Chinese Exclusion Act
Redistribution of wealth, status, or resources such that people end up with roughly the same quality of life. The tenets of capitalism, which posits that one can achieve success through hard work and dedication makes this a less palatable goal for most Americans.
Equality of outcome
Provide an argument against "equality of outcome".
1. It's unfair because it's "handing over" resources and wealth to those who haven’t "earned it".
2. It derails innovation and economic progress
3. It strips us away from our individuality and pushes for everybody to be "the same".
President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented these programs and policies from 1933-1939 in order to alleviate the economic devastation of the Great Depression.
The New Deal