Unit 1- Intro to Biology
The scientific study of living things based off of the Greek words "bios" and "-ology"
Biology
Carbon Chains
The structures found within the cell, the nucleus is the most important one
Organelles
Two identical alleles are __
Different = Heterozygous
Same = Homozygous
The remains of organisms buried by the earth for long periods of time.
Fossils
A possible explanation for a set of observations or questions scientists ask.
Hypothesis
Primary Structure, Secondary Structure, Tertiary Structure, and Quaternary Structure are the four levels of what?
Protein Folding
The three different types of cells are
Prokaryotic - Bacteria
Eukaryotic - Animal and Plant
In genetics, the __ shows in dominance and the __ shows in the genes breakdown
Phenotype shows in dominance
Genotype shows in genes
the biggest trends and transformations in evolution over a long period of time (usually geologic time periods)
Macroevolution
Data
A single strand of sugar and phosphate groups attached to nitrogenous bases
RNA
A Hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails make what?
The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane
The 5 cycles of a cell - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Mitosis
Natural Selection
True or False:
A hypothesis is always fully right or fully wrong and taken as complete fact.
False
Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, Chitin are what kind of compounds?
Complex carbs
To make a protein, three things are needed
Production of cells that have half the normal number of chromosomes.
Meiosis
Name the four forces of evolution.
Genetic Drift, Gene Flow, Mutation, and Natural Selection
Infer and Form Hypothesis
Design Controlled Experiments
Collecting and Analyzing Data
Drawing Conclusions
Scientific Method
The cohesion of water molecules, moderation of temperature, evaporative cooling, ice floating on liquid water, and a universal solvent are all ways of explaining what?
The properties of water
Cellular Respiration transforms food into energy, for plants it is done using light energy. What is the name of the process?
Photosynthesis
Meiosis makes this many daughter cells at the end of its division cycle.
4 daughter cells
In what two ways is Microevolution different from Macroevolution?
It occurs over a short period of time (micro).
It uses current organisms to record the data.
Genetic Codes, Growth, Environmental Responses, Reproduction, Stable Internal Environments, Use Materials and Energy, Made up of Cells, and Changes over time all describe what?
DNA and RNA both are made nitrogenous bases - Adenine, Thymine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine. Which ones match with each other?
Adenine matches Thymine (DNA) and Uracil (RNA)
Guanine matches Cytosine
UCGA
A brown-eye mom (Bb) and a blue-eye dad (bb) want to know the chance of having a blue-eyed child. The ratio or percentage is what?
50% or 2 brown (Bb):2 blue (bb)
When something is geographically separated and evolves genetic differences so it can no longer breed with its's original species
Allopatric Speciation