Properties of Matter
What tools and units are used to measure:
Length
Mass
Volume
Length - Ruler/meter stick, cm or m
Mass - Balance, g or kg
Volume - Graduated cylinder, L or mL
What type of element is Potassium?
Metal
The three subatomic particles and their charge
Protons (+), Electrons (-), Neutrons (0)
What two factors affect coulombic attraction between protons and electrons?
Distance, and number of protons
The first thing you should do if: there's a spill/broken glass/fire/mistake during a lab
What are characteristics of solids, liquids and gasses?
Solids - particles are close, definite shape/volume
Liquids - particles are more spaced out, no definite shape, definite volume
Gasses - particles are far apart, no definite shape or volume
What are some properties of nonmetals?
brittle, dull, non-conductive, many are gasses at room temp
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
Isotopes
How many valence electrons does Phosphorous have?
5
What are two of Ms Hosek's favorite animals?
Sharks, octopuses, whales, elephants
Is the following a chemical or physical change? How do you know?
Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) dissolves in water (H2O) to form magnesium chloride solution (MgCl2 & H2O)
Physical. No bonds were broken (chemical formulas did not change) and dissolving is fairly easily reversible
Element, Compound, or Mixture (and explain)
caffeine, C8H10N4O2
compound - multiple types of atoms of atoms bonded together
What information is in an atomic symbol?
bc Ad
bc Ad. A -Element Symbol
B - Atomic Number (p)
C - Mass Number (p + n)
D - Charge (p & e)
Identify this element:
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p1
Gallium (Ga)
Describe the grading/retake policy of chemistry
20% formative (HW, some projects)
80% summative (quizzes, some projects)
You can retake a quiz if you've completed the homework and demonstrated re-learning
What are four indications that a chemical change has occurred?
Production of a gas (bubbles) or light, change in color, smell, temperature, formation of a precipitate
Element, Compound, or Mixture (and explain)
bronze, Cu & Sn
Mixture. Copper and Tin are not chemically bonded, but mixed to form the alloy bronze
What is the charge of the following atom:
Atomic Number - 18
Neutrons - 20
Mass Number - 38
Electrons - 17
+1 (18 p+, 17 e-)
Why does atomic radius decrease as you go across a period?
More protons = more coulombic attraction = tighter pull
Name and describe 4 pieces of safety equipment in this classroom
(answers may vary)
If a substance has a density of 0.5 g/mL and a mass of 20 g, what is its volume?
40 mL
D = M/V
What is happening on a molecular level during a chemical change?
chemical bonds are breaking/forming between atoms
What is the difference of mass number and average atomic mass?
mass number: p + n (refers to a specific atom)
average atomic mass: average mass of atoms based on the the relative abundance of the isotope (number on the periodic table)
What is ionization energy, and why does it decrease as you go down a group?
The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom (forming an ion). As you go down a group, the Ie decreases because the valence electrons are far from the nucleus
What country did Ms Hosek travel to last year?
Kingdom of Tonga