Unit 1
What is the definition of volume?
The amount of space a substance takes up
What two things can count as a particle (note: not a subatomic particle)
What are the three subatomic particles and their charges?
proton = +1
neutron = 0
electron = -1
What number is associated with one mole?
6.022 x 1023
Where do you find metals, nonmetals, and metalloids on the periodic table?
metals - to the left of the staircase line (except hydrogen)
metalloids - on the staircase line
nonmetals - to the right of the staircase line (and hydrogen)
What is the definition of matter?
anything that has mass and volume
What is the definition of a molecule?
more than one atom held together by a chemical bond
What is the nucleus, and what subatomic particles make it up?
The dense center of an atom. Protons and neutrons
In a Bohr model, how would you draw an element with 5 electrons?
2 in n=1, 3 in n=2
Any element on the periodic table "wants" its electrons to be like the elements in what section of the periodic table?
noble gasses
What is the definition of a physical change, and give an example.
A change that does not change the identity of a substance
What is the definition of a compound?
a molecule with more than one element (type of atom)
Most of the atom is made of what?
empty space!
(remember, if an atom was the size of a football stadium, the nucleus is a marble. everything else is empty space where the orbitals are--but again, the orbitals are just clouds where electrons can buzz around, they aren't solid)
What are the four sublevels, and their shapes?
s -- sphere
p -- peanut
d -- dragonfly
f -- flower/funky
What four things are in each "box" on the periodic table?
atomic number, symbol, name, average atomic mass/molar mass
What is the difference between extensive and intensive properties? give an example of each
Extensive properties change depending on the amount of the substance you have. Intensive properties do not.
Note: these do not always match up with quantitative and qualitative!
Extensive: length, mass, size
Intensive: texture, melting point, color
Rank the five phases of matter from lowest to highest energy
Bose Einstein condensate, solid, liquid, gas, plasma
An atom has 10 electrons and 7 protons. What is its charge?
-3
What is the electron configuration (unabbreviated) of N?
1s2 2s2 2p3
What is the definition of electronegativity, and what element on the periodic table has the highest electronegativity?
the ability of an atom / how good an atom is at stealing an electron
Fluorine (F)
What is the difference between physical and chemical properties? give an example of each.
Chemical properties can only be observed or measured when you change the identity of a substance (or, a chemical property requires a chemical change to occur in order to be able to measure it). ex: flammability, reactivity with _____
Physical properties can be observed or measured without performing a chemical change to alter the identity of the substance. ex: size, durability, color, temperature, melting point
Why does temperature not change during a phase change? (even if you continue to add heat)
The heat energy goes towards changing the phase (separating the atoms) instead of speeding them up (average kinetic energy = temperature)
An atom has 5 protons, 3 electrons, and 4 neutrons. What is its mass number (include units) and its symbol?
9amu, B
What is the noble gas notation of Na?
[Ne] 3s1
Name five sections of the periodic table, and point out where specifically it is.
•alkali metals = group 1 (except hydrogen)
•alkaline earth metals = group 2
•transition metals = d block
•lanthanides = 4f
•actinides = 5f
•halogens = group 17
•noble gasses = group 18