The Renaissance
What does the word Renaissance mean?
Rebirth.
What two problems helped lead to the Reformation?
Church corruption and Renaissance humanism.
Why did Europeans seek a sea route to Asia?
To gain direct access to trade goods.
According to Martin Luther, how is salvation gained?
Through faith alone.
What type of government did John Locke support?
A constitutional monarchy.
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy.
What were indulgences?
Payments claimed to reduce punishment for sins.
Why is Ferdinand Magellan famous?
His expedition completed the first voyage around the world.
Who created the Church of England?
Henry VIII.
What is Locke's social contract?
Government exists to protect people's rights.
What made Renaissance painting different from Medieval painting?
It used realism, perspective, and depth.
What was the Western Schism?
A period when multiple popes claimed authority.
What was one major result of England defeating the Spanish Armada?
England became a stronger naval power.
Which English ruler allowed some religious choice if people remained loyal to England?
Elizabeth I.
What did Montesquieu's separation of powers do?
Divided government into three branches.
Why were bankers important during the Renaissance?
They financed trade, business, and the arts.
According to reformers, what was the true source of religious authority?
The Bible.
Why did the Catholic Church oppose Galileo?
His discoveries supported heliocentrism.
What was the main goal of the Council of Trent?
To reform and strengthen the Catholic Church.
What did Mary Wollstonecraft believe about women?
Women deserve equal education and rights.
What is vernacular writing?
Writing in the everyday language of the people.
Why was the Peace of Augsburg important?
It allowed German rulers to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism.
What were the goals of the conquistadors?
Wealth, land, and spreading Christianity.
What did the Peace of Westphalia do?
It ended the Thirty Years' War.
How did Kepler support Copernicus's theory?
He showed that planets orbit the sun in ellipses.