UNIT 3: WORK AND MACHINES
Which does an applied force move?
Same direction as the force
What did Galileo Galilei scientifically prove about free falling bodies?
That they have the same constant acceleration
What is the difference between balanced and imbalanced forces?
Balanced forces are when multiple forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, resulting in no net force and no change in the object's motion; while unbalanced forces are when the forces acting on an object are not equal in magnitude or direction, causing the object to accelerate or change its motion.
What is vibrational motion?
the back-and-forth movement of an object around a fixed point (its equilibrium position).
What do waves do?
They primarily serve to transmit energy from one location to another.
30 N block is being pushed with a distance of 3 m. How much work was done? (Use the formula W = FxD, and J = Joules, which is the unit for energy)
90 J
What is translational motion?
type of motion in an object that results in a change of position from point A to point B.
What does gravity mean?
The invisible force of attraction that exists between any two objects with mass, essentially pulling them towards each other.
What is thermal energy? What does it depend on?
The energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature. It depends upon the temperature, mass, and composition (including the physical state) of a substance.
What are mechanical waves, and what do they require?
Disturbances that travel through a material medium, transferring energy from one place to another. They require a medium to propagate, meaning they cannot travel through a vacuum.
Simple machines make work easier by…
Increasing the distance over which a force is applied.
What did Isaac Newton prove about scientific principles?
They apply to the entire universe
What does impulse mean in physical science?
The change in momentum of an object that is caused by a force acting on it over a specific period of time; essentially, it quantifies the effect of a force applied over a duration.
How are temperature and kinetic energy of particles related?
A higher temperature corresponds to a higher average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Essentially, temperature is a measure of the average speed or movement of particles, and more movement means more kinetic energy.
What are transverse waves? How are they different from longitudinal waves?
Waves where the oscillations (or vibrations) of the medium are perpendicular (at a 90-degree angle) to the direction the wave travels. (Longitudinal waves are ones in which the particles travel parallel to the direction of the wave.)
A ball is dropped from the top of a building. When does the ball have the most kinetic energy?
Right as it hits the ground
We have ___ laws from Newton (how many?)
Three
What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions?
Elastic refers to a collision where kinetic energy is conserved, meaning the total kinetic energy before and after the collision remains the same, while inelastic describes a collision where kinetic energy is not conserved, meaning some energy is lost as heat, sound, or deformation during the collision.
What is conduction? What happens to heat during it?
The transfer of heat through direct contact, where heat moves from a warmer object to a cooler object in contact with it.
What is amplitude? How is it different from wavelength?
Refers to the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position, essentially the "height" of the wave. Amplitude describes how strong or intense a wave is, while wavelength describes the size or length of the wave.
What force causes mechanical energy to be lost?
Friction
What does Newton's first law of motion state?
A body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an external, unbalanced force. A body in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an external, unbalanced force.
What is the term/word for all forces acting on an object?
Net Force
What is convection? What happens to heat during it?
The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
What are period and frequency?
Frequency refers to how often a repeating event occurs per unit of time, typically measured in Hertz (Hz) which is cycles per second. Period, on the other hand, is the time it takes for one complete cycle of that repeating event to occur, usually measured in seconds (s).