Matter Properties and Changes
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element is made of only one type of atom. A compound is multiple types of atoms (elements) combined.
What is conduction? Give an example.
Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between particles.
Examples will vary but could include a pot touching a burner on a stove, feet touching hot sand, etc.
What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion until acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Which planet is 4th from the sun, has a thin atmosphere, and is known as "the Red planet"?
Mars
What are the units used when calculating net force?
Newtons
Is the following formula an element or a compound?
CO2
Compound
What is convection? Give an example.
Examples will vary but could include boiling water, a hot air balloon, etc.
What is the correct formula for calculating speed?
Speed = distance / time
Where is the asteroid belt located? (Between which two planets?)
Mars and Jupiter
When calculating net force, forces pointing in the same direction get ___________, while forces pointing in opposite directions get _______________.
Added, subtracted
How many elements are present in the chemical formula H2SO4, AND what are they?
Three elements- Hydrogen, Sulfur, Oxygen
Complete the following sentence:
Thermal energy always moves in a pattern from ___________ to ____________ until all substances reach _____________________.
Warm/warmer/hot
Cool/cooler/cold
Equilibrium
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Velocity is speed in a certain direction.
List the eight planets in our solar system in order from closest to furthest from the sun.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
How many total atoms are in the following chemical formula?
NaHCO3
6
List the five signs of a chemical change.
1. Change in color
2. Formation of a precipitate
3. Production of gas (bubbles)
4. Energy change (i.e. change in temperature)
5. Smell/odor
Give an example of radiation and describe how heat is transferred during this process.
Radiation is the process of heat being transferred through electromagnetic waves without needing direct contact. Examples will vary but could include the sun heating your face, microwaves heating food, etc.
A soccer ball is rolling on a field of grass. What two unbalanced forces could eventually cause the ball to slow down?
Gravity and friction.
What is the difference between a comet and an asteroid?
Comets have tails, asteroids do not. Comets are made of ice, dust, and frozen gases. Asteroids are usually made of rock and metals.
What does it mean for a substance to be soluble? Give an example of a soluble substance.
Soluble means the substance will dissolve in water. Examples could include salt, sugar, drink powder, etc.
What are two ways that you could increase the rate of dissolution of salt in water?
(Must be two of the following three answers)
1. Increase the temperature of the solution
2. Stir/agitate the solution
3. Decrease the surface area of the salt crystals (smaller pieces of salt)
If the particles in a substance start moving slower, what happens to the substance's temperature and kinetic energy?
When particles move slower, the temperature decreases, and the kinetic energy of the particles decreases.
If a soccer ball was kicked in space and was moving at a constant speed of 10 miles per hour, would this be considered balanced or unbalanced? Why?
Balanced. Objects moving at a constant speed with no change in speed or direction are considered balanced because they have a net force of zero.
List five of the six requirements for life.
1. Liquid water
2. Moderate temperature
3. Oxygen
4. Atmosphere
5. Nutrients (a way to get food)
6. Energy (distance from the Sun)
A student is making lemonade with powdered drink mix. They need water and lemonade powder. Which substance would be the solute, solvent, and solution?
Solute- powder
Solvent- water
Solution- lemonade