Terms
Define "Identity"
A set of characteristics, experiences, and social affiliations that define who a person is.
What does the term Latinx mean?
Latinx is a gender-neutral term used to describe people of Latin American origin or descent.
What was the Great Migration?
It was the movement of millions of African Americans from the rural South to Northern and Western cities during the 20th century.
Who was Imhotep, and why is he important in Ancient Egyptian history?
Imhotep was a scholar, architect, physician, and advisor to Pharaoh Djoser; he designed the Step Pyramid and is considered one of the earliest known scientists and architects.
What was the Haitian Revolution?
A successful slave revolt that led to Haiti’s independence from France.
Cultural appropriation
The act of taking elements of a culture, often without permission, and using them in a way that can exploit or misrepresent that culture.
Why was the term Latinx created?
It was created to be inclusive of people who do not identify within the gender binary of Latino or Latina.
What negative effects did slavery have on African American history?
Slavery forced Africans into labor in the U.S. and shaped centuries of racial inequality and resistance.
How did Ancient Egypt’s civilization remain stable for thousands of years?
Stability came from strong central government, religious unity, the Nile River’s predictable floods, and an organized social structure.
When did the Haitian Revolution occur?
From 1791 to 1804.
Linguistic code-switching
Switching between languages or dialects depending on context, audience, or social setting.
Is Latinx the same as Hispanic? EXPLAIN!
No. Hispanic refers to Spanish-speaking heritage, while Latinx refers to geographic roots in Latin America.
What was the Civil Rights Movement?
A struggle during the 1950s–60s to end racial segregation and discrimination through nonviolent protest and legislation.
What technological or scientific achievements helped Ancient Egypt thrive as a civilization?
Achievements included advanced architecture, mathematics, medicine, irrigation systems, and written language (hieroglyphics).
How did the Haitian Revolution embody emancipatory internationalism in its goals and impact beyond Haiti?
The revolution challenged global systems of slavery and colonialism, demonstrating that enslaved people could overthrow imperial powers and inspiring abolitionist and anti-colonial movements across the Americas and Europe.
Intersectionality
The interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, gender, and class that creates overlapping systems of disadvantage.
When did the term Latinx become widely used?
It gained popularity in the early 21st century, especially in academic and activist spaces.
How did redlining policies in the 20th century contribute to the racial wealth gap in the United States?-Think about housing loans, neighborhood investment, and home ownership.
Redlining denied African Americans access to mortgages and investment in certain neighborhoods, limiting home ownership and generational wealth while favoring white communities.
Where was Ancient Egypt located and along what river is it situated?
In northeastern Africa along the Nile River.
Why did global powers respond so harshly to Haiti after independence, and how does this relate to emancipatory internationalism?
Slaveholding and colonial nations feared the spread of revolutionary ideas; isolating and economically punishing Haiti was an attempt to suppress transnational Black liberation and prevent similar uprisings elsewhere.
Racism
The belief that certain races are superior or inferior, often resulting in systemic discrimination and social oppression.
Why do some people support or oppose the term Latinx?
Supporters value its inclusivity; critics argue it does not align with Spanish language traditions.
In what ways did mass incarceration emerge from earlier systems of racial control after the end of slavery?Hint: Consider laws, policing, and labor after the Civil War.
Practices such as Black Codes, convict leasing, and later “tough on crime” policies disproportionately targeted African Americans, continuing racial control through the prison system.
What writing system did Ancient Egyptians use?
Hieroglyphics.
How did the leadership strategies of Toussaint Louverture balance diplomacy and military action to secure Haiti’s independence?
Louverture combined skilled military campaigns with negotiations with France, Spain, and Britain, maintaining political alliances when advantageous while ensuring the abolition of slavery and the consolidation of Haitian sovereignty.