Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Which side supported the Constitution?
The Federalists
The Bill of Rights are the first __ Amendments to the Constitution
(The first) 10 Amendments
What disenfranchised group did the 19th amendment give the right to vote to?
Women (in 1920)
What is Popular Sovereignty?
The idea that power comes from the people (the people rule!)
What is suffrage?
The ability to vote
What did the Anti-Federalist argue that the constitution needed?
A Bill of Rights (to protect citizens)
What five things are protected by the 1st Amendment?
Speech, Press, Assembly, Religion, Petition
The 13th-15th Amendments are known as the ____ Amendments
The Reconstruction Amendments
What is rule of law?
Principle that all people - and institutions - must be held accountable to law
What were two ways African-Americans were prevented from voting?
Poll taxes, Grandfather Clause, Literacy Tests
What is the Supremacy Clause?
Provision to the Constitution that declares the constitution/federal law as “Supreme Law of the Land”
What amendment protects citizens from cruel and unusual punishment?
8th Amendment (also protects from high bail)
What does the 22nd Amendment make law?
The President can only serve two terms
What are the three branches and their responsibilities?
Legislative (makes laws)
Executive (enforces laws)
Judicial (Interprets laws)
What does the 23rd Amendment do?
Gave Washington D.C. representation in the Electoral College
What was the Great Compromise?
Deal that established how representation works for Congress.
For small states: Senate
For big states: House of Representatives
What does the 9th amendment state?
Powers not explicitly listed in the constitution goes to the people
What does it take to pass an amendment to the Constitution?
⅔ of both houses of Congress + ¾ of all states
What are the two parts of Congress, and which do small states like more? Big states?
Senate: Small States
House of Representatives: Big States
What government document came before the Constitution, and why did it get replaced?
Articles of Confederation, gave too much power to the states/too weak (own currencies, voluntary participation)
What is the necessary and proper clause?
Gives Congress the power to make laws/act where the constitution doesn’t give it authority; implied powers
What is an example of a way that the Bill of Rights protects “Due Process?”
No unlawful searches, right to trial by jury, right to an attorney, freedom against self-incrimination, speedy trial, double jeopardy(?)
What does the 26th amendment do, and what was the argument for its approval?
18 year olds gained the right to vote, you can serve/die for your country without being able to participate in it (by voting)
Provide two examples of checks and balances (and the branches involved)
L→E: Impeach/Override Veto
J→L: Declare unconstitutional
L→J: Impeach Judges
J→E: Declare Executive Orders Unconstitutional
E→J: Nominate Judges
What are at least two ways you can practice civic participation?
Voting (if 18), attend school board meetings, write representatives, stay informed, talk about issues with parents/peers